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Tupanvirus strains have been discussed to comprise a sister group of mimiviruses. [ 4 ] Furthermore, it has been proposed either to extend Mimiviridae by an additional tentative group III (subfamily Mesomimivirinae ) or to classify this group as a sister family Mesomimiviridae instead, [ 19 ] comprising legacy OLPG (Organic Lake Phycodna Group).
The stages of mimivirus replication are not well known, but as a minimum it is known that mimivirus attaches to a chemical receptor on the surface of an amoeba cell and is taken into the cell. Once inside, an eclipse phase begins, in which the virus disappears and all appears normal within the cell.
The sister clade to PIM/MAPI is a clade made out of Algavirales [2] (Phycodnaviridae, Pandoraviridae), and possibly Imitervirales [2] /Mimiviridae ("P2" thereafter). [35] Poxviridae is consistently treated as a basal branch. Asfarviridae is either a sister group to Poxviridae (building together Pokkesviricetes) [2] or a member of the P2 clade. [36]
Transcription is believed to occur in the core particles. The core releases viral DNA and forms a cytoplasmic replication factory where DNA replication begins and transcription of late genes occurs. The replication factory forms around the viral core and expands until it occupies a large fraction of the amoeba cell volume. Later stages of the ...
Clockwise from top right: Amoeba proteus, Actinophrys sol, Acanthamoeba sp., Nuclearia thermophila., Euglypha acanthophora, neutrophil ingesting bacteria. An amoeba (/ ə ˈ m iː b ə /; less commonly spelled ameba or amœba; pl.: amoebas (less commonly, amebas) or amoebae (amebae) / ə ˈ m iː b i /), [1] often called an amoeboid, is a type of cell or unicellular organism with the ability ...
All cell divisions, regardless of organism, are preceded by a single round of DNA replication. For simple unicellular microorganisms such as the amoeba, one cell division is equivalent to reproduction – an entire new organism is created.
Under the microscope, scientists observed the virus enter the amoeba through fusion with membrane vacuoles, and integrate their DNA into the host cells. The host cell replicates the viral particles and eventually splits open, releasing the viral particles. The process of replication lasts 10–15 hours. [13]
Giant viruses, or nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses, frequently infect Amoebozoa and other protists causing amoeba lysis and cell rounding in 12 hours and amoeba population collapse in 55 hours. [3] As such, there is a strong selective pressure on both Amoebozoa and their symbionts to resist these viruses.