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The oil and gas industry is usually divided into three major sectors: upstream, midstream, and downstream. The downstream sector is the refining of petroleum crude oil and the processing and purifying of raw natural gas , [ 1 ] as well as the marketing and distribution of products derived from crude oil and natural gas .
Downstream, in manufacturing, refers to processes which occur later on in a production sequence or production line. Viewing a company "from order to cash" might have high-level processes such as marketing, sales, order entry, manufacturing, packaging, shipping, and invoicing. Each of these could be deconstructed into many sub-processes and ...
The initial proposal is most frequently generated by the buyer company which is called upstream planning. By contrast, when the initiator is the supplier, it is referred to as downstream planning. In several cases there already exists an initial plan (e.g., using rolling schedules or frame plans).
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Third parties can be both 'upstream' (suppliers and vendors) and 'downstream', (distributors and re-sellers) as well as non-contractual parties. [ 2 ] Firms do not have to conduct critical activities to be considered a 'third party'; a cleaning services firm responsible for maintaining a company's office space is a third party as much as a ...
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to business: Business – organization of one or more individuals, engaged in the trade of goods , services , or both to consumers , [ 1 ] and the activity of such organizations, also known as "doing business".