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In plumbing, a closet flange (also known as a toilet flange) is a pipe fitting (specifically, a type of flange) that both mounts a toilet to the floor and connects the closet bend to a drain pipe. The name comes from the term "water closet", the traditional name for a toilet. Closet flanges are typically made of brass, cast iron, ABS, PVC, and ...
The visible water surface in a toilet is the top of the trap's water seal. Each fixture drain, with exceptions, must be vented so that negative air pressure in the drain cannot siphon the trap dry, to prevent positive air pressure in the sewer from forcing gases past the water seal, and to prevent explosive sewer gas buildup.
Although flange fittings are bulky, they perform well in demanding applications such as large water supply networks and hydroelectric systems. Flanges are rated at 150, 300, 400, 600, 900, 1500, and 2500 psi; or 10, 15, 25, 40, 64, 100, and 150 bars of pressure. Various types of flanges are available, depending on construction.
In domestic applications, traps are typically U, S, Q, or J-shaped pipe located below or within a plumbing fixture.An S-shaped trap is also known as an S-bend.It was invented by Alexander Cumming in 1775 but became known as the U-bend following the introduction of the U-shaped trap by Thomas Crapper in 1880.
Roto-Rooter is the largest provider of plumbing repair and sewer and drain cleaning services in both countries. [ citation needed ] International franchise operations have been established in Canada , [ 4 ] Japan , the Philippines , Hong Kong , Indonesia , Singapore , Brazil , South Africa , and Australia .
Cargill, the megasized Minnesota-based food production giant, is laying off about 5% of its global workforce as food commodity prices drop. Cargill is America’s largest privately held company ...