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A self-authenticating document, under the law of evidence in the United States, is any document that can be admitted into evidence at a trial without proof being submitted to support the claim that the document is what it appears to be. Several categories of documents are deemed to be self-authenticating:
It held that when "discovery rules are violated, the trial judge may exclude the evidence which the violating party wishes to introduce". [17] The Appellate Court's ruling further gave the trial judge discretion in the appropriate remedy in such a case – whether to exclude entirely the 'surprise' witnesses.
Authentication, in the law of evidence, is the process by which documentary evidence and other physical evidence is proven to be genuine, and not a forgery. Generally, authentication can be shown in one of two ways. First, a witness can testify as to the chain of custody through which the evidence passed from the time of the discovery up until ...
All public records are presumed to be open to the public. If a public body wishes to claim that specific information is exempt from disclosure, it "has the burden of proving by clear and convincing evidence that it is exempt." [110] Thus, the law is broadly interpreted in favor of openness and disclosure, and exemptions are strictly construed ...
Facts and materials admitted under judicial notice are accepted without being formally introduced by a witness or other rule of evidence, even if one party wishes to plead evidence to the contrary. Judicial notice is frequently used for the simplest, most obvious common sense facts, such as which day of the week corresponded to a particular ...
The Illinois Register (Ill. Reg.) is the official weekly publication containing proposed and adopted rules of Illinois state agencies. It is published online every Friday by the Illinois Secretary of State.
An Illinois House Committee held a hearing Tuesday afternoon in Chicago to delve into the issue of whether psychedelic substances like psilocybin, or “magic mushrooms,” could be used for ...
With respect to authentication, an "ancient document" is one that may be deemed authentic without a witness to attest to the circumstances of its creation because its age suggests that it is unlikely to have been falsified in anticipation of the litigation in which it is introduced.