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Conscription in Russia (Russian: всеобщая воинская обязанность, romanized: vseobshchaya voinskaya obyazannost, translated as "universal military obligation" or "liability for military service") is a 12-month draft, which is mandatory for all male citizens who are between 18 and 30 years old, with a number of exceptions. [1]
Outside of the armed forces, the most prolific public group which spoke out against conscription was the Committee of Soldiers Mothers, later changed to the Union of the Committees of Soldiers' Mothers of Russia in 1998. The group was founded in 1989 and aimed to record and publicise the treatment of conscripts within training and barracks centres.
A continuing weakness in the Russian system was a shortage of long-service volunteers to provide career NCOs. [11] Cossacks served under a complex and semi-feudal conscription system of their own and "Alien" cavalry units were recruited as volunteers from Muslim tribal groups in the southern regions of the Russian Empire. [12]
The Establishment of Soviet power in Russia (in Soviet historiography, «Triumphal Procession of Soviet Power») was the process of establishing Soviet power throughout the territory of the former Russian Empire, with the exception of areas occupied by the troops of the Central Powers, following the seizure of power by Bolsheviks in Petrograd on 7 November 1917 [O.S. 25 October], and in mostly ...
Russia was divided into northern, southern, eastern, and western "conscription zones" and the levy was announced annually for only one of them. The Pale of Jewish settlement was outside conscription in the fallow years, so the conscription in general and of cantonists in particular occurred once every four years, except during the Crimean War ...
The Pale of Settlement [a] was a western region of the Russian Empire with varying borders that existed from 1791 to 1917 (de facto until 1915) in which permanent residency by Jews was allowed and beyond which Jewish residency, permanent or temporary, [1] was mostly forbidden.
Topographic map of the Russian Empire in 1912 Map of the Russian Empire in 1745. By the end of the 19th century the area of the empire was about 22,400,000 square kilometers (8,600,000 sq mi), or almost one-sixth of the Earth's landmass; its only rival in size at the time was the British Empire. The majority of the population lived in European ...
The Penguin historical atlas of Russia (Viking, 1995), new topical maps. Chew, Allen F. An atlas of Russian history: eleven centuries of changing borders (Yale UP, 1970), new topical maps. Gilbert, Martin. Routledge Atlas of Russian History (4th ed. 2007) excerpt and text search; Parker, William Henry. An historical geography of Russia (Aldine ...