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A silo (from Ancient Greek σιρός (sirós) 'pit for holding grain') is a structure for storing bulk materials. Silos are commonly used for bulk storage of grain, coal, cement, carbon black, woodchips, food products and sawdust. Three types of silos are in widespread use today: tower silos, bunker silos, and bag silos.
Grain bins with dryer unit (center) putting out steam from drying the corn (Click for video) Grain bins typically have grain dryers next to them which heat the grain to lower moisture content before storage within in the bins. Applying too much heat to the grain when attempting to lower moisture content can cause shrinkage which cuts into profits.
Underground grain storage was one of the main methods to preserve cereal early in the nineteenth century through some southeast European and Asiatic societies using “airtight” underground silos as an alternative for big bottle and jars that was used in the Mediterranean. Writing evidence appeared only in the 16th century.
Once the grain is sufficiently dry it can be transferred to a granary for storage. Today, this can be done using a mechanical grain auger to move grain from one granary to another. In modern silos, grain is typically force-aerated in situ or circulated through external grain drying equipment.
Railroad grain terminal in Hope, Minnesota. A grain elevator or grain terminal is a facility designed to stockpile or store grain. In the grain trade, the term "grain elevator" also describes a tower containing a bucket elevator or a pneumatic conveyor, which scoops up grain from a lower level and deposits it in a silo or other storage facility.
It most frequently occurs in grain bins and other storage facilities such as silos or grain elevators, or in grain transportation vehicles, but has also been known to occur around any large quantity of grain, even freestanding piles outdoors. Usually, unstable grain collapses suddenly, wholly or partially burying workers who may be within it.