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A position that adrafinil is an unapproved drug was indicated in a warning letter [1] by the FDA in 2019: “Your [particular] products [subject to this warning] [including] Adrafinil…are not generally recognized as safe and effective for the above referenced uses and, therefore, these products are 'new drugs' under section 201(p) of the Act.
Besides their potential medical use, modafinil analogues, including adrafinil, flmodafinil, fladrafinil, and modafiendz, are also sold online as substances that are believed to improve cognitive functions such as memory and focus (nootropics or "cognitive enhancers"). [1] [9] [10] [11]
Armodafinil acts as a selective atypical dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI) and hence as an indirect dopamine receptor agonist. [1] [5] [11] However, other mechanisms might also be involved in its effects. [1] [5] [11] Chemically, armodafinil is the enantiopure (R)-(–)-enantiomer of the racemic mixture modafinil (brand name Provigil).
The wakefulness-promoting agent modafinil and its analogues (e.g., adrafinil, armodafinil) have been approved to treat narcolepsy and shift work sleep disorder. [6] These act as weak DRIs, [7] but this effect does not correlate with wakefulness-promoting effects, suggesting the effect is too weak to be of clinical significance.
Modafinil and armodafinil are thought to act as selective, weak, atypical dopamine reuptake inhibitors (DRIs). [13] [3] [4] However, additional actions are also possible and have not been ruled out. [13] Adrafinil acts as a prodrug of modafinil and hence shares its mechanism of action. [13]
Wellbutrin vs Adderall: Differences and Similarities Anxiety and depression are two common mental conditions — it’s estimated that about 40 million adults deal with anxiety and an estimated 21 ...
Modafinil acid is also a metabolite of the modafinil prodrug, adrafinil, and the (R)-(–)-enantiomer is a metabolite of armodafinil, the (R)-(–)-enantiomer of modafinil. [2] Between 30 - 60% of modafinil is converted to modafinil acid and its half life is roughly half that of modafinil (about 7 hours). [3]
For more information see List of modafinil analogues and derivatives.. This category lists chemical compounds similar to modafinil, a wakefulness-promoting medication.The compounds in this category have similar chemical formula to that of modafinil.