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Aluminium sulfate is a salt with the formula Al 2 (SO 4) 3. It is soluble in water and is mainly used as a coagulating agent (promoting particle collision by neutralizing charge) in the purification of drinking water [ 3 ] [ 4 ] and wastewater treatment plants , and also in paper manufacturing.
Ammonium aluminium sulfate, also known as ammonium alum or just alum (though there are many different substances also called "alum"), is a white crystalline double sulfate usually encountered as the dodecahydrate, formula (NH 4)Al(SO 4) 2 ·12H 2 O. It is used in small amounts in a variety of niche applications.
Aluminium as a "fuel" for vehicles has been studied by Yang and Knickle. [1] In 2002, they concluded: The Al/air battery system can generate enough energy and power for driving ranges and acceleration similar to gasoline powered cars...the cost of aluminium as an anode can be as low as US$ 1.1/kg as long as the reaction product is recycled.
Many trivalent metals are capable of forming alums. The general form of an alum is XY (SO 4) 2 · n H 2 O, where X is an alkali metal or ammonium, Y is a trivalent metal, and n often is 12. The most important example is chrome alum, KCr(SO 4) 2 ·12 H 2 O, a dark violet crystalline double sulfate of chromium and potassium, was used in tanning.
High levels of exposure over many years may result in aluminosis which causes pulmonary fibrosis. [10] Aluminium powder and dust is highly flammable and creates a significant risk of fire or explosion. There have been many incidents in industries which produce such dusts and powders. [11]
Such solutions are acidic as this cation can act as a proton donor, progressively hydrolysing to [Al(H 2 O) 5 (OH)] 2+, [Al(H 2 O) 4 (OH) 2] +, and so on. As pH increases these mononuclear species begin to aggregate together by the formation of hydroxide bridges, [2] forming many oligomeric ions, such as the Keggin ion [Al 13 O 4 (OH) 24 (H 2 O ...
In high vacuum applications, activated alumina is used as a charge material in fore-line traps to prevent oil generated by rotary vane pumps from back streaming into the system. [2] A baffle of activated alumina can also replace the refrigerated trap often required for diffusion pumps, though this is rarely used.
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