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Used while drilling oil and natural gas wells and on exploration drilling rigs, drilling fluids are also used for much simpler boreholes, such as water wells. The two main categories of drilling fluids are water-based muds (WBs), which can be dispersed and non-dispersed, and non-aqueous muds, usually called oil-based muds (OBs).
Drill cuttings can be separated from liquid drilling fluid by shale shakers, by centrifuges, or by cyclone separators, the latter also being effective for air drilling. In cable-tool drilling, the drill cuttings are periodically bailed out of the bottom of the hole. In auger drilling, cuttings are carried to the surface on the auger flights.
It is a cylindrical valve with either a ball or flapper closing mechanism. It is installed in the production tubing and is held in the open position by a high-pressure hydraulic line from surface contained in a 6.35 mm (1/4") control line that is attached to the DHSV's hydraulic chamber and terminated at surface to a hydraulic actuator. The ...
The drilling fluid flowing over the shaker bed is designated into two categories: Pool: Which is the area of the screening deck that consists mostly of drilling fluid with drilled cuttings suspended within it. Beach: Is the area where the fluid has been mostly removed from the cuttings and they begin to look like a pile of solids.
The presence of an annulus gives the ability to circulate fluid in the well, provided that excess drill cuttings have not accumulated in the annulus, preventing fluid movement and possibly sticking the pipe in the borehole. For a new well in the process of being drilled, this would be the void between the drill string and the formation being ...
The condensed water and crude oil or bitumen is recovered to the surface by pumps such as progressive cavity pumps that work well for moving high-viscosity fluids with suspended solids. [ 12 ] Sub-cool is the difference between the saturation temperature (boiling point) of water at the producer pressure and the actual temperature at the same ...
The process involves the high-pressure injection of "fracking fluid" (primarily water, containing sand or other proppants suspended with the aid of thickening agents) into a wellbore to create cracks in the deep rock formations through which natural gas, petroleum, and brine will flow more freely.
Another consequence of lost circulation is "dry drilling". Dry drilling occurs when fluid is completely lost from the well bore without drilling coming to a halt. The effects of dry drilling range from as minor as destroying a bit to as serious as major damage to the wellbore requiring a new well to be drilled.