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  2. Project Jupyter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Jupyter

    A Jupyter Notebook document is a JSON file, following a versioned schema, usually ending with the ".ipynb" extension. The main parts of the Jupyter Notebooks are: Metadata, Notebook format and list of cells. Metadata is a data Dictionary of definitions to set up and display the notebook. Notebook Format is a version number of the software.

  3. Filesystem in Userspace - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filesystem_in_Userspace

    The program is also used to mount the new file system. At the time the file system is mounted, the handler is registered with the kernel. If a user now issues read/write/stat requests for this newly mounted file system, the kernel forwards these IO-requests to the handler and then sends the handler's response back to the user.

  4. Kernel panic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_panic

    After recompiling a kernel binary image from source code, a kernel panic while booting the resulting kernel is a common problem if the kernel was not correctly configured, compiled or installed. [8] Add-on hardware or malfunctioning RAM could also be sources of fatal kernel errors during start up, due to incompatibility with the OS or a missing ...

  5. Protection ring - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protection_ring

    Most modern operating systems use level 0 for the kernel/executive, and use level 3 for application programs. Any resource available to level n is also available to levels 0 to n, so the privilege levels are rings. When a lesser privileged process tries to access a higher privileged process, a general protection fault exception is reported to ...

  6. Address space layout randomization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Address_space_layout...

    Address space layout randomization (ASLR) is a computer security technique involved in preventing exploitation of memory corruption vulnerabilities. [1] In order to prevent an attacker from reliably redirecting code execution to, for example, a particular exploited function in memory, ASLR randomly arranges the address space positions of key data areas of a process, including the base of the ...

  7. Core dump - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_dump

    In older and simpler operating systems, each process had a contiguous address-space, so a dump file was sometimes simply a file with the sequence of bytes, digits, [d] characters [d] or words. On other early machines a dump file contained discrete records, each containing a storage address and the associated contents.

  8. Kernel (operating system) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_(operating_system)

    An oversimplification of how a kernel connects application software to the hardware of a computer. A kernel is a computer program at the core of a computer's operating system that always has complete control over everything in the system. The kernel is also responsible for preventing and mitigating conflicts between different processes. [1]

  9. ntoskrnl.exe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ntoskrnl

    The upper part is accessible only from kernel mode, and with some exceptions, is instantiated just once, system-wide. ntoskrnl.exe is mapped into this region, as are several other kernel mode components. This region also contains data used by kernel mode code, such as the kernel mode heaps and the file system cache.