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The dot-and-cross diagram for molecular oxygen in the ground state. The oxygen nuclei are as indicated and the electrons are denoted by either dots or crosses, depending on their relative spins. The above three-dimensional LDQ structures are useful for visualising the molecular structures, but they can be laborious to construct.
[1] [2] [3] Introduced by Gilbert N. Lewis in his 1916 article The Atom and the Molecule, a Lewis structure can be drawn for any covalently bonded molecule, as well as coordination compounds. [4] Lewis structures extend the concept of the electron dot diagram by adding lines between atoms to represent shared pairs in a chemical bond.
Magnesium oxide (Mg O), or magnesia, is a white hygroscopic solid mineral that occurs naturally as periclase and is a source of magnesium (see also oxide). It has an empirical formula of MgO and consists of a lattice of Mg 2+ ions and O 2− ions held together by ionic bonding .
The organic compound 1,1,1-trichloroethane, also known as methyl chloroform and chlorothene, is a chloroalkane with the chemical formula CH 3 CCl 3. It is an isomer of 1,1,2-trichloroethane . A colourless and sweet-smelling liquid, it was once produced industrially in large quantities for use as a solvent . [ 5 ]
Chloroform, [10] or trichloromethane (often abbreviated as TCM), is an organochloride with the formula C H Cl 3 and a common solvent. It is a volatile , colorless, sweet-smelling, dense liquid produced on a large scale as a precursor to refrigerants and PTFE . [ 11 ]
Molecular orbital diagram of NO. Nitric oxide is a heteronuclear molecule that exhibits mixing. The construction of its MO diagram is the same as for the homonuclear molecules. It has a bond order of 2.5 and is a paramagnetic molecule. The energy differences of the 2s orbitals are different enough that each produces its own non-bonding σ orbitals.
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Chlorine and oxygen can bond in a number of ways: chlorine monoxide radical, ClO•, chlorine (II) oxide radical; chloroperoxyl radical, ClOO•, chlorine (II) peroxide radical; chlorine dioxide, ClO 2, chlorine (IV) oxide; chlorine trioxide radical, ClO 3 •, chlorine (VI) oxide radical; chlorine tetroxide radical, ClO 4 •, chlorine (VII ...