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A Karl Fischer titrator. In analytical chemistry, Karl Fischer titration is a classic titration method that uses coulometric or volumetric titration to determine trace amounts of water in a sample. It was invented in 1935 by the German chemist Karl Fischer. [1] [2] Today, the titration is done with an automated Karl Fischer titrator.
Karl Fischer Coulometer Auto Titrator. The Karl Fischer reaction uses a coulometric titration to determine the amount of water in a sample. It can determine concentrations of water on the order of milligrams per liter. It is used to find the amount of water in substances such as butter, sugar, cheese, paper, and petroleum.
Chemical water analysis is carried out on water used in industrial processes, on waste-water stream, on rivers and stream, on rainfall and on the sea. [1] In all cases the results of the analysis provides information that can be used to make decisions or to provide re-assurance that conditions are as expected.
Moisture analysis covers a variety of methods for measuring the moisture content in solids, liquids, or gases. For example, moisture (usually measured as a percentage) is a common specification in commercial food production. [1] There are many applications where trace moisture measurements are necessary for manufacturing and process quality ...
Water content or moisture content is the quantity of water contained in a material, such as soil (called soil moisture), rock, ceramics, crops, or wood. Water content is used in a wide range of scientific and technical areas, and is expressed as a ratio, which can range from 0 (completely dry) to the value of the materials' porosity at saturation.
Gravimetric analysis describes a set of methods used in analytical chemistry for the quantitative determination of an analyte (the ion being analyzed) based on its mass. The principle of this type of analysis is that once an ion's mass has been determined as a unique compound, that known measurement can then be used to determine the same analyte's mass in a mixture, as long as the relative ...
In-situ water treatment or direct dosing for the treatment of turbidity is common when the affected water bodies are dispersed (i.e. there are numerous water bodies spread out over a geographical area, such as small drinking water reservoirs), when the problem is not consistent (i.e. when there is turbidity in a water body only during and after ...
The Water And Sanitation Agency (WASA) is chaired [2] by the Managing Director (MD), currently WASA Lahore headed by Mr Ghufran Ahmed, he has over 30 years of experience in Operations, Public Health, Engineering & Management, and further assisted by three Deputy Managing Directors (DMDs) that are DMD (F&R) Finance, Administration and Revenue, DMD (O&M) Operation & Maintenance, and DMD (E ...