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Diagnosis of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA) is challenging, with a wrong diagnosis occurring in between 32 and 42 % of cases. Such errors further increase the mortality risk due to incorrect first response and treatment. In cases of misdiagnosis, aortic rupture is often mistaken for ureteric colic and myocardial infarction (MI). [3]
As an aneurysm increases in size, the risk of rupture, which leads to uncontrolled bleeding, increases. [2] Although they may occur in any blood vessel, particularly lethal examples include aneurysms of the circle of Willis in the brain, aortic aneurysms affecting the thoracic aorta , and abdominal aortic aneurysms .
In those with an aneurysm less than 5.5 cm, the risk of rupture in the next year is below 1%. [1] Among those with an aneurysm between 5.5 and 7 cm, the risk is about 10%, while for those with an aneurysm greater than 7 cm the risk is about 33%. [1] Mortality if ruptured is 85% to 90%. [1]
Inflammatory Aortic Aneurysms occur typically in a younger population compared to the typical Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm group. Risk of rupture for the IAA group, due to thinning of aneurysm walls, are also rare due to inflammation and fibrosis [4] Unruptured inflammatory AAAs are usually symptomatic: [citation needed] abdominal or back pain (70 ...
A ruptured aneurysm typically leads to an aortocardiac shunt and progressively worsening heart failure. [2] An aneurysm of the aortic sinus may rupture due to infective endocarditis involving the aortic wall and tertiary-stage syphilis. [citation needed] The manifestations appear depending on the site where the sinus has ruptured.
An aneurysm is a localized enlargement of arteries, characterized by a balloon-like bulge. [6] It results from the abnormal weakening of blood vessel wall. [7] Common types of aneurysm include abdominal aortic aneurysm, thoracic aortic aneurysm and intracranial aneurysm. [7]
A study of people who died after traumatic aortic rupture found that in 55–65% of cases the damage was at the aortic isthmus and in 10–14% it was in the ascending aorta or aortic arch. [4] An angiogram will often show an irregular outpouching beyond the takeoff of the left subclavian artery at the aortic isthmus, representing an aortic ...
Small aneurysms (less than 7 mm) have a low risk of rupture and increase in size slowly. [44] The risk of rupture is less than one percent for aneurysms of this size. [44] The prognosis for a ruptured cerebral aneurysm depends on the extent and location of the aneurysm, the person's age, general health, and neurological condition. Some ...