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One of the first major changes effected by Abbasid rule was the move of the caliphate's center of power from Syria to Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq). This was closer to the Persian mawali support base of the Abbasids and the move addressed their demand for reduced Arab dominance in the empire. [18] However, no definitive capital was yet selected.
Al-Mu'tasim, (833–842) was an Abbasid caliph, patron of the art and a powerful military leader. Al-Wathiq, (r. 842–847) was an Abbasid caliph, he was well educated and with a considerable interest in scholarship. Al-Mutawakkil, (r. 847–861) was the tenth Abbasid caliph, under his reign the Abbasid Empire reached its territorial height.
Support for the Abbasid revolution came from people of diverse backgrounds, with almost all levels of society supporting armed opposition to Umayyad rule. [9] This was especially pronounced among Muslims of non-Arab descent, [10] [11] [12] though even Arab Muslims resented Umayyad rule and centralized authority over their nomadic lifestyles.
Round city of Baghdad. Baghdad was founded on 30 July 762 CE. It was designed by Caliph al-Mansur. [1] According to 11th-century scholar Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi in his History of Baghdad, [2] each course of the city wall consisted of 162,000 bricks for the first third of the wall's height.
Contacts between the Carolingians and the Abbasids started soon after the establishment of the Abbasid Caliphate and the concomitant fall of the Umayyad Caliphate in 751. The Carolingian ruler Pepin the Short had a powerful enough position in Europe to "make his alliance valuable to the Abbasid caliph of Baghdad, al-Mansur". [5]
Start of the "Abbasid revival". Repulse of the Saffarids rebellion and subjugation of the Zanj Revolt. Establishment of the autonomous Tulunid dynasty in Egypt, Gradual decline of Abbasid rule in Transoxiana, Persia, Sind and Punjab, North Africa, Middle East and Arabia. 16 October 892 – 5 April 902 al-Muʿtaḍid bi-'llāh: Abū'l-ʿAbbās ...
Ubaydallah ibn al-Mahdi an Abbasid Prince and Grandson of as-Saffah. Sulayman ibn Ali al-Hashimi an Abbasid governor of Basra from 750 to 755. Battle of the Zab a battle that took place on 25 January 750. It spelled the end of the Umayyads and the rise of the Abbasids; Abbasid Revolution was the overthrow of the Caliph Marwan II by as-Saffah.
Family tree of the Abbasid caliphs of the ninth century. The future al-Mu'tamid was a son of Caliph al-Mutawakkil (r. 847–861) and a Kufan slave girl called Fityan. [1] His full name was Ahmad ibn Abi Jaʿfar, and was also known by the patronymic Abu'l-Abbas and from his mother as Ibn Fityan. [2]