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Hawking radiation is black body radiation released outside a black hole's event horizon due to quantum effects according to a model developed by Stephen Hawking in 1974. [1] The radiation was not predicted by previous models which assumed that once electromagnetic radiation is inside the event horizon, it cannot escape.
In equations, Hawking showed that if one denotes the creation and annihilation operators at a frequency for a quantum field propagating in the black-hole background by and † then the expectation value of the product of these operators in the state formed by the collapse of a black hole would satisfy † = / where k is the Boltzmann constant ...
He observed that the authors begin with axioms of geometry and physics then derive the consequences in a rigorous fashion. Various well-known exact solutions to Einstein's field equations and their physical meaning are explored. In particular, Hawking and Ellis show that singularities and black holes arise in a large class of plausible solutions.
See Stephen Hawking through the years: Acoustic black hole. To test this prediction, Steinhauer created an analogue black hole using extremely cold atoms trapped in a laser beam. When he applied a ...
Stephen Hawking never stopped trying to unravel the mysteries surrounding black holes -- in fact, he was still working to solve one of them shortly before his death. Now, his last research paper ...
In physics, black hole thermodynamics [1] is the area of study that seeks to reconcile the laws of thermodynamics with the existence of black hole event horizons.As the study of the statistical mechanics of black-body radiation led to the development of the theory of quantum mechanics, the effort to understand the statistical mechanics of black holes has had a deep impact upon the ...
The Penrose singularity theorem is a theorem in semi-Riemannian geometry and its general relativistic interpretation predicts a gravitational singularity in black hole formation. The Hawking singularity theorem is based on the Penrose theorem and it is interpreted as a gravitational singularity in the Big Bang situation.
In 1974, Stephen Hawking made one of his most famous predictions: that black holes eventually evaporate entirely.According to Hawking's theory, black holes are not perfectly "black" but instead ...