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Hawking radiation is black body radiation released outside a black hole's event horizon due to quantum effects according to a model developed by Stephen Hawking in 1974. [1] The radiation was not predicted by previous models which assumed that once electromagnetic radiation is inside the event horizon, it cannot escape.
In physics, black hole thermodynamics [1] is the area of study that seeks to reconcile the laws of thermodynamics with the existence of black hole event horizons.As the study of the statistical mechanics of black-body radiation led to the development of the theory of quantum mechanics, the effort to understand the statistical mechanics of black holes has had a deep impact upon the ...
In equations, Hawking showed that if one denotes the creation and annihilation operators at a frequency for a quantum field propagating in the black-hole background by and † then the expectation value of the product of these operators in the state formed by the collapse of a black hole would satisfy † = / where k is the Boltzmann constant ...
Stephen Hawking’s suggestion that black holes “leak” radiation left physicists with a problem they have been attempting to solve for 51 years.
The Unruh temperature has the same form as the Hawking temperature T H = ħg / 2πck B with g denoting the surface gravity of a black hole, which was derived by Stephen Hawking in 1974. [7] In the light of the equivalence principle, it is, therefore, sometimes called the Hawking–Unruh temperature. [8]
In 1974, Stephen Hawking made one of his most famous predictions: that black holes eventually evaporate entirely.According to Hawking's theory, black holes are not perfectly "black" but instead ...
Stephen Hawking provided a ground-breaking solution to one of the most mysterious aspects of black holes, called the "information paradox." Black holes look like they 'absorb' matter. Every time a ...
If black holes evaporate via Hawking radiation, a solar mass black hole will evaporate (beginning once the temperature of the cosmic microwave background drops below that of the black hole) over a period of 10 64 years. [149] A supermassive black hole with a mass of 10 11 M ☉ will evaporate in around 2×10 100 years. [150]