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Rennet has traditionally been used to separate milk into solid curds and liquid whey, used in the production of cheeses. Rennet from calves has become less common for this use, to the point that less than 5% of cheese in the United States is made using animal rennet today. [1] Most cheese is now made using chymosin derived from bacterial sources.
Chymosin / ˈ k aɪ m ə s ɪ n / or rennin / ˈ r ɛ n ɪ n / is a protease found in rennet.It is an aspartic endopeptidase belonging to MEROPS A1 family. It is produced by newborn ruminant animals in the lining of the abomasum to curdle the milk they ingest, allowing a longer residence in the bowels and better absorption.
A glass of soured milk whey. Whey is the liquid remaining after milk has been curdled and strained. It is a byproduct of the manufacturing of cheese or casein and has several commercial uses. Sweet whey is a byproduct resulting from the manufacture of rennet types of hard cheese, like cheddar or Swiss cheese.
Although cows milk curd also is produced, Buffalo curd is the preferred variety. In Nepal, curd is produced by souring pasteurized milk with natural micro-flora. The pasteurized milk is added to a container called theki carved out of wood like Daar(Boehmeria Rugulosa). The milk is left for 12–16 hours and the micro-organisms entrapped within ...
In industrial production of Emmental cheese, the as-yet-undrained curd is broken by rotating mixers. A required step in cheesemaking is to separate the milk into solid curds and liquid whey. Usually this is done by acidifying the milk and adding rennet.
The milk must be "ripened" before adding in the rennet. The term ripening means allowing the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to turn lactose into lactic acid, which lowers the pH of the solution, greatly aiding in the coagulation of the milk. This is vital for the production of cheese curds that are later formed into cheddar.
For this reason it is a common constituent in hypoallergenic baby milk formulas and medical foods. [14] Native whey protein is extracted from skim milk, rather than being collected as a byproduct of cheese production. This type of whey does not contain glycomacropeptide, which is formed only after the addition of rennet. [15] [16] [17]
It is commercially used to produce enzymes which can be used to produce a microbial rennet to curd milk and produce cheese. [2] Under experimental conditions, this species grows particularly well at temperatures between 24 and 55°C, and their growth becomes negligible below 21°C or above 57°C. [3]