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This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 10 February 2025. Long-term brain disorders causing impaired memory, thinking and behavior This article is about the cognitive disorder. For other uses, see Dementia (disambiguation). "Senile" and "Demented" redirect here. For other uses, see Senile (disambiguation) and Demented (disambiguation). Medical ...
Dementia can be categorized as reversible (e.g. thyroid disease) or irreversible (e.g. Alzheimer's disease). [12] Currently, there are more than 35 million people with dementia worldwide. In the United States alone the number of people affected by dementia is striking at 3.8 million. [13]
The term young onset dementia is becoming more widely used to avoid the potential confusion between early onset dementia and early stage dementia This term is now used as presenile dementia which is a historical term of people diagnosed with dementia from a younger age of 51 years old. This is caused by an atypical arterioclerosis of the brain.
Regarding incidence, cohort longitudinal studies (studies where a disease-free population is followed over the years) provide rates between 10 and 15 per thousand person-years for all dementias and 5–8 for AD, [235] [236] which means that half of new dementia cases each year are Alzheimer's disease. Advancing age is a primary risk factor for ...
A biological explanation for memory deficits in aging includes a postmortem examination of five brains of elderly people with better memory than average. These people are called the "super aged," and it was found that these individuals had fewer fiber-like tangles of tau protein than in typical elderly brains.
CT scans have found that the cerebral ventricles expand as a function of age. More recent MRI studies have reported age-related regional decreases in cerebral volume. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] Regional volume reduction is not uniform; some brain regions shrink at a rate of up to 1% per year, whereas others remain relatively stable until the end of the life ...
[5] [6] The transport of eroded materials from their original location is followed by deposition, which is arrival and emplacement of material at a new location. [1] While erosion is a natural process, human activities have increased by 10–40 times the rate at which soil erosion is occurring globally. [7]
The biochemistry of Alzheimer's disease, the most common cause of dementia, is not yet very well understood. Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been identified as a proteopathy: a protein misfolding disease due to the accumulation of abnormally folded amyloid beta (Aβ) protein in the brain. [1]