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A soul house. Soul houses were pottery offering trays often moulded to include a model of a house that are associated with tombs dating from the Middle Kingdom of Egypt. [1] [2] [3] Designs range from simple trays with no house at all to ones which included a comprehensive model of a house. [2]
Among other variations, a common design for the canopy in the mid-14th century was muqarnas vaulting, or a semi-dome above a muqarnas zone. [ 83 ] [ 84 ] The use of muqarnas canopies in portals was initially a feature more characteristic of Damascus, where it was common in Ayyubid monuments, but it spread to Cairo in the 14th century. [ 85 ]
Wooden tomb models were deposited as grave goods in the tombs and burial shafts throughout early Egyptian History, most notably in the Middle Kingdom of Egypt. They included a wide variety of wooden figurines and scenes, such as boats, granaries , baking and brewing scenes and butchery scenes.
The size and simple design show the high skill level of Egyptian design and engineering on a large scale. [27] The Great Pyramid of Giza, which was probably completed c. 2580 BC, is the oldest of the Giza pyramids and the largest pyramid in the world, and is the only surviving monument of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. [28]
The houses form one building used to be distributed around one open courtyard and each house had a private staircase from the courtyard to the upper floors. The design had two apartments per floor and each apartment was built on a small lot of land. Al-Sitt Sakna house is an example for this type. [8]
The Cairo Tower, a 187-meter tall observation tower with a lotus-motif design, was built between 1955 and 1961 [99] and designed by Egyptian architect Naoum Shebib. [100] It was the tallest all-concrete structure in the world upon completion [99] and it is the most recognizable symbol of post-1952 Egyptian architecture. [100]
The Dictionary of Ancient Egypt. Thames and Hudson. Shaw, Ian (2000). The Oxford history of ancient Egypt. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-280458-8. Simpson, William Kelly (1972). The Literature of Ancient Egypt: An Anthology of Stories, Instructions, and Poetry. translations by R.O. Faulkner, Edward F. Wente, Jr., and William Kelly Simpson ...
Architecture as practiced in Ancient Egypt. Note — for actual ancient Egyptian buildings, see: Category: Archaeological sites in Egypt. Subcategories.