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A map of Dutch Guiana 1667–1814 CE. The Dutch were the first Europeans to settle modern-day Guyana. The Netherlands had obtained independence from Spain in the late 16th century and by the early 17th century had emerged as a major commercial power, trading with the fledgling English and French colonies in the Lesser Antilles.
British rule ended on 26 May 1966 when Guyana was given independence from the United Kingdom by the Guyana Independence Act 1966, [1] which transformed British Guiana into an independent sovereign state, with Elizabeth II as Queen of Guyana. The monarch's constitutional roles were mostly delegated to her representative Governor-General of Guyana.
Guyana achieved independence from the United Kingdom as a dominion on 26 May 1966 and became a republic on 23 February 1970, remaining a member of the Commonwealth. [25] Shortly after independence, Venezuela began to take diplomatic, economic, and military action against Guyana to enforce its territorial claim to the Essequibo region . [ 26 ]
This is a list of the heads of state of Guyana, from the independence of Guyana in 1966 to the present day. From 1966 to 1970 the head of state under the Constitution of 1966 was the queen of Guyana, Elizabeth II, who was also the monarch of the other Commonwealth realms. The monarch was represented in Guyana by a governor-general.
In November 1965 an independence conference in London quickly reached agreement on an independent constitution; it set the date for independence as 26 May 1966. On that date, at 12 midnight, British Guiana became the new nation of Guyana.
The Guyana Independence Act 1966, passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, transformed the Crown colony of British Guiana into a sovereign state called Guyana on 26 May 1966, with Queen Elizabeth II as head of state and Queen of Guyana. [2] The Duke of Kent represented the Queen at the independence celebrations.
Jagan opposed this date for independence, as it was the anniversary of the Wismar Massacre of 1964. [34] The same year, Jagan published "The West On Trial: My Fight for Guyana's Freedom", concerning his experience working towards Guyanese independence, which remains his most popular written work. [35]
The Constitution of Guyana is the highest governing document in the Republic of Guyana. It came into effect on October 6, 1980, replacing the constitution enacted in 1966 upon its independence from the United Kingdom. The current Constitution of Guyana contains 12 chapters that are further divided into 232 articles. [1]