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  2. Sailing into the wind - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailing_into_the_wind

    Sailing into the wind is possible when the sail is angled in a slightly more forward direction than the sail force. In this aspect, the boat will move forward because the keel (centerline), of the boat acts to the water as the sail acts to the wind. The force of the sail is balanced by the force of the keel. This keeps the boat from moving in ...

  3. Point of sail - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_of_sail

    For many sailing craft 45° on either side of the wind is a no-go zone, where a sail is unable to mobilize power from the wind. Sailing on a course as close to the wind as possible—approximately 45°—is termed beating, a point of sail when the sails are close-hauled. At 90° off the wind, a craft is on a beam reach.

  4. Forces on sails - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forces_on_sails

    The apparent wind on the sail creates a total aerodynamic force, which may be resolved into drag—the force component in the direction of the apparent wind—and lift—the force component normal (90°) to the apparent wind. Depending on the alignment of the sail with the apparent wind, lift or drag may be the predominant propulsive component.

  5. Tacking (sailing) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacking_(sailing)

    Tacking or coming about is a sailing maneuver by which a sailing craft (sailing vessel, ice boat, or land yacht), whose next destination is into the wind, turns its bow toward and through the wind so that the direction from which the wind blows changes from one side of the boat to the other, allowing progress in the desired direction. [1]

  6. Sail - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sail

    A sail is a tensile structure, which is made from fabric or other membrane materials, that uses wind power to propel sailing craft, including sailing ships, sailboats, windsurfers, ice boats, and even sail-powered land vehicles. Sails may be made from a combination of woven materials—including canvas or polyester cloth, laminated membranes or ...

  7. Heaving to - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heaving_to

    The jib is backed to windward, the mainsail is slightly eased, and the rudder is fixed in an attempt to turn into the wind (which is coming from the top of the diagram). In sailing, heaving to (to heave to and to be hove to) is a way of slowing a sailing vessel's forward progress, as well as fixing the helm and sail positions so that the vessel ...

  8. Sailing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailing

    The physics of sailing arises from a balance of forces between the wind powering the sailing craft as it passes over its sails and the resistance by the sailing craft against being blown off course, which is provided in the water by the keel, rudder, underwater foils and other elements of the underbody of a sailboat, on ice by the runners of an ...

  9. Asymmetrical spinnaker - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymmetrical_spinnaker

    Polar diagram comparing the speeds and carrying angles of symmetrical with asymmetrical spinnakers when sailing Two sailboats flying asymmetrical spinnakers beam reaching in light wind On cruising sailboats, a modestly sized asymmetrical spinnaker can be tacked to a centerline bow pulpit, anchor roller or a furled headsail, and can be known by ...