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The earliest and most direct observational evidence of the validity of the theory are the expansion of the universe according to Hubble's law (as indicated by the redshifts of galaxies), discovery and measurement of the cosmic microwave background and the relative abundances of light elements produced by Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN).
Hubble's idea allowed for two opposing hypotheses to be suggested. One was Lemaître's Big Bang, advocated and developed by George Gamow. The other model was Fred Hoyle's Steady State theory, in which new matter would be created as the galaxies moved away from each other. In this model, the universe is roughly the same at any point in time.
Hubble's law can be easily depicted in a "Hubble diagram" in which the velocity (assumed approximately proportional to the redshift) of an object is plotted with respect to its distance from the observer. [30] A straight line of positive slope on this diagram is the visual depiction of Hubble's law.
Experimental observations confirm expansion of universe according to Hubble's law. Since the universe is expanding, the equation for that expansion can be "run backwards" to its starting point. The Lambda-CDM concordance model describes the expansion of the universe from a very uniform, hot, dense primordial state to its present state over a ...
The Hubble Space Telescope reveals many local anomalies in the generally homogeneous character of interstellar space, such as this galaxy and the supernova beside it . In astronomy, a Hubble bubble would be "a departure of the local value of the Hubble constant from its globally averaged value", [ 1 ] or, more technically, "a local monopole in ...
An important parameter in fate of the universe theory is the density parameter, omega (), defined as the average matter density of the universe divided by a critical value of that density. This selects one of three possible geometries depending on whether Ω {\displaystyle \Omega } is equal to, less than, or greater than 1 {\displaystyle 1} .
Two years later, Hubble showed that the relation between the distances and velocities was a positive correlation and had a slope of about 500 km/s/Mpc. [10] This correlation would come to be known as Hubble's law and would serve as the observational foundation for the expanding universe theories on which cosmology is
In his 1952 book The Creation of the Universe, Gamow explained Hans Bethe's association with the theory thus: [2] The αβγ paper with the figure referred to in the text. The results of these calculations were first announced in a letter to The Physical Review, April 1, 1948. This was signed Alpher, Bethe, and Gamow, and is often referred to ...