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The Playfair cipher or Playfair square or Wheatstone–Playfair cipher is a manual symmetric encryption technique and was the first literal digram substitution cipher. The scheme was invented in 1854 by Charles Wheatstone , but bears the name of Lord Playfair for promoting its use.
The Two-square cipher, also called double Playfair, is a manual symmetric encryption technique. [1] It was developed to ease the cumbersome nature of the large encryption/decryption matrix used in the four-square cipher while still being slightly stronger than the single-square Playfair cipher .
In this cipher, a 5 x 5 grid is filled with the letters of a mixed alphabet (two letters, usually I and J, are combined). A digraphic substitution is then simulated by taking pairs of letters as two corners of a rectangle, and using the other two corners as the ciphertext (see the Playfair cipher main article for a diagram). Special rules ...
Playfair (surname) Playfair (lunar crater) Playfair (Martian crater) PlayFair, software that removes Apple's FairPlay DRM file encryption, now succeeded by Hymn; Playfair Project; TS Playfair, a Canadian sail training vessel; Playfair's axiom named after John Playfair; Playfair cipher, a manual encryption technique invented in 1854 by Charles ...
In 1854, Charles Wheatstone came up with the Playfair cipher, a keyword-based system that could be performed on paper in the field. This was followed up over the next fifty years with the closely related four-square and two-square ciphers, which are slightly more cumbersome but offer slightly better security. [1]
1854 – Charles Wheatstone invents the Playfair cipher; c. 1854 – Babbage's method for breaking polyalphabetic ciphers (pub 1863 by Kasiski) 1855 – For the English side in Crimean War, Charles Babbage broke Vigenère's autokey cipher (the 'unbreakable cipher' of the time) as well as the much weaker cipher that is called Vigenère cipher ...
Delastelle's other polygraphic substitution ciphers included the trifid [3] and four-square ciphers. [4] The last of these is a variant on the earlier Playfair cipher: Delastelle may have been unaware of Playfair, but he had certainly read of the fractionating cipher described by Pliny Chase in 1859. There are few biographical details.
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