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A scalar processor is classified as a single instruction, single data processor in Flynn's taxonomy.The Intel 486 is an example of a scalar processor. It is to be contrasted with a vector processor where a single instruction operates simultaneously on multiple data items (and thus is referred to as a single instruction, multiple data processor). [2]
Vector Load and Store – Vector architectures with a register-to-register design (analogous to load–store architectures for scalar processors) have instructions for transferring multiple elements between the memory and the vector registers. Typically, multiple addressing modes are supported.
Multiple autonomous processors simultaneously executing the same program (but at independent points, rather than in the lockstep that SIMD imposes) on different data. [19] Also termed single process, multiple data [ 17 ] - the use of this terminology for SPMD is technically incorrect, as SPMD is a parallel execution model and assumes multiple ...
The simplest processors are scalar processors. Each instruction executed by a scalar processor typically manipulates one or two data items at a time. By contrast, each instruction executed by a vector processor operates simultaneously on many data items. An analogy is the difference between scalar and vector arithmetic. A superscalar processor ...
Automatic vectorization, in parallel computing, is a special case of automatic parallelization, where a computer program is converted from a scalar implementation, which processes a single pair of operands at a time, to a vector implementation, which processes one operation on multiple pairs of operands at once.
7-stage integer, 6-stage vector Multi-core, multithreading, 4 hardware-based simultaneous threads per core which can't be disabled unlike regular HyperThreading , Time-multiplexed multithreading, 61 cores per chip, 244 threads per chip, 30.5 MB L2 cache , 300 W TDP, Turbo Boost , in-order dual-issue pipelines, coprocessor , Floating-point ...
While scalar languages like C do not have native array programming elements as part of the language proper, this does not mean programs written in these languages never take advantage of the underlying techniques of vectorization (i.e., utilizing a CPU's vector-based instructions if it has them or by using multiple CPU cores).
Vector processors, some SIMD ISAs (such as AVX2 and AVX-512) and GPUs in general make heavy use of predication, applying one bit of a conditional mask vector to the corresponding elements in the vector registers being processed, whereas scalar predication in scalar instruction sets only need the one predicate bit.