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Microcephaly (from Neo-Latin microcephalia, from Ancient Greek μικρός mikrós "small" and κεφαλή kephalé "head" [2]) is a medical condition involving a smaller-than-normal head. [3] Microcephaly may be present at birth or it may develop in the first few years of life. [3]
Microcephaly can be primary, where the brain fails to develop properly during pregnancy, or secondary, where the brain is normal sized at birth but fails to grow as the child ages. [2] Abnormalities will be observed progressively after birth whereby the child will display stunted growth and physical and cognitive development.
The disease starts at birth or in early infancy and presents with microcephaly, short stature, and developmental delay. Patients develop seizures that may be hard to control. Brain imaging shows delayed myelination and hypomyelination. [2]
The small orbit size characteristic of microphthalmia can impact the growth and structural development of the face after birth. As a result, microphthalmia can cause hemifacial asymmetry. [ 3 ] [ 13 ] This possibility is a particular concern for individuals with unilateral cases of microphthalmia.
Seckel syndrome, or microcephalic primordial dwarfism (also known as bird-headed dwarfism, Harper's syndrome, Virchow–Seckel dwarfism and bird-headed dwarf of Seckel [1]) is an extremely rare congenital nanosomic disorder.
However, infants born preterm and infected with CMV after birth (especially via breastmilk [8]) may experience cognitive and motor impairments later in life. [9] [10] Symptoms associated with CMV, such as hearing loss, can result in further developmental delay. A delay in general speech and language development is more common in children with ...
At birth, female babies have around 1 to 2 million oocytes, and roughly 1,000 immature eggs are lost each month after the first period. In their late 30s, most women have about 25,000 oocytes ...
Amish lethal microcephaly is a rare genetic disorder which is characterized by severe microcephaly (small head) from birth, brain hypoplasia (underdeveloped brain), micrognathia (small chin), irritability (at second or third month of age), seizures, problems controlling their body temperature, high levels of alpha-ketogluraic acid in their urine, [2] and less commonly hepatomegaly (large liver).