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However, slavery legally persisted in Delaware, [49] Kentucky, [50] and (to a very limited extent, due to a trade ban but continued gradual abolition) New Jersey, [51] [52] until the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution abolished slavery throughout the United States, except as punishment for a crime, on December 18, 1865 ...
The 1860 United States census was the eighth census conducted in the United States starting June 1, 1860, and lasting five months. It determined the population of the United States to be 31,443,321 [1] in 33 states and 10 organized territories.
English: Evolution of the enslaved population of the United States as a percentage of the population of each state, based on official US Census figures. States are listed by 1860 slavery rate (in descending order). Note that data for future West Virginia counties are disaggregated from Virginia data.
Historical military map of the border and southern states by Phelps & Watson, 1866. In the American Civil War (1861–65), the border states or the Border South were four, later five, slave states in the Upper South that primarily supported the Union. They were Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri, and after 1863, the new state of West ...
According to the 1860 United States census, the 11 states that seceded had the highest percentage of slaves as a proportion of their population, representing 39% of their total population. The proportions ranged from a majority in South Carolina (57.2%) and Mississippi (55.2%) to about a quarter in Arkansas (25.5%) and Tennessee (24.8%).
Evolution of the enslaved population of the United States as a percentage of the population of each state, 1790–1860. Following the creation of the United States in 1776 and the ratification of the U.S. Constitution in 1789, the legal status of slavery was generally a matter for individual U.S. state legislatures and judiciaries (outside of several historically significant exceptions ...
Map showing the distribution of the slave population of the southern states of the United States. Compiled from the census of 1860. Note the population densities in the Black Belt region. Originally part of the Mississippi Territory, the Alabama Territory was formed in 1817.
By 1860, the slave population in the United States had reached four million. [171] Of the 1,515,605 free families in the fifteen slave states in 1860, nearly 400,000 held slaves (roughly one in four, or 25%), [ 172 ] amounting to 8% of all American families.