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Maternal death in India Maternal death or maternal mortality as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) is "the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes."
Maternal death or maternal mortality is defined in slightly different ways by several different health organizations. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines maternal death as the death of a pregnant mother due to complications related to pregnancy, underlying conditions worsened by the pregnancy or management of these conditions.
The first report on maternal mortality in India (1997-2003), describing trends, causes and risk factors, was released in October 2006. [15] In 2005, a woman's lifetime risk of maternal death in India was estimated to be 1 in 70. Similarly, the maternal mortality ratio (MMR; number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births) in India was 450. [16]
This is a list of Indian states and union territories by infant mortality rates in 2019. The infant mortality rate is the number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births. The data is taken from the Sample Registration Survey published by the Indian Ministry of Health. [ 1 ]
The under five mortality and infant mortality rates have been declining, from 202 and 190 deaths per thousand live births respectively in 1970 to 64 and 50 deaths per thousand live births respectively in 2009 and to 41.1 (in 2018) and 34.6 (in 2016) deaths per thousand live births respectively. [38] [39] [4] However, this decline is slowing.
Generally, there is a distinction between a direct maternal death that is the result of a complication of the pregnancy, delivery, or management of the two, and an indirect maternal death that is a pregnancy-related death in a woman with a pre-existing or newly developed health problem unrelated to pregnancy.
[83]: 16 Midwives, meaning "with woman", were those who assisted in the birth and care of both born and unborn children, a position historically held mainly by women. [107] During the birth of a child, men were rarely present. Women from the neighbourhood or family would join in on the process of birth and assist in many different ways. [108]
When none of these measure are taken, the maternal death rate has been estimated as being within the order of magnitude of 1,500 deaths per 100,000 births. [37] Modern medicine has greatly alleviated the risk of childbirth. In modern Western countries the current maternal mortality rate is around 10 deaths per 100,000 births. [38]