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The pronunciation of ਵ can vary allophonically between [ ~ ] preceding front vowels, and [] elsewhere. [44] [45] The most characteristic feature of the Punjabi language is its tone system. [6] The script has no separate symbol for tones, but they correspond to the tonal consonants that once represented voiced aspirates as well as older *h. [6]
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Punjabi, specifically Standard Punjabi, pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
Shahmukhi (Shahmukhi: شاہ مُکھی, pronounced [ʃäː(ɦ)˦.mʊ.kʰiː], lit. ' from the Shah's or king's mouth ', Gurmukhi: ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁਖੀ) is the right-to-left abjad-based script developed from the Perso-Arabic alphabet used for the Punjabi language varieties, predominantly in Punjab, Pakistan.
In Pakistan, Punjabi is generally written using the Shahmukhī script, which in literary standards, is identical to the Urdu alphabet, however various attempts have been made to create certain, distinct characters from a modification of the Persian Nastaʿlīq characters to represent Punjabi phonology, not already found in the Urdu alphabet. In ...
IPA vowel chart with audio; IPA pulmonic consonant chart with audio; IPA chart (vowels and consonants) - 2015. (pdf file) Schwa deletion in Indo-Aryan languages; Urdu alphabet; Devanagari; Phonological history of Hindustani
While classed by Pandey (2012) in the Punjabi subclass, it contains implosive characters and clusters similar to those of the Sindhi subclass, that other Punjabi Landa scripts lack. It had 4 vowel letters, a, i, u, e ; a was used for ā as well; i was also used for ī as well as commonly as a semivowel in place of the letter y ; u was used for ...
(Jury Trial) Vol. I - January 23, 2015 Pledger v. Janssen, et al. - PLEDGER, et al. -vs- JANSSEN, et al. - Page 65 1 report. 2 THE COURT: All right.So what is it 3 you're requesting?
Shahmukhi alphabet, based on the Arabic script Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Punjabi alphabet .
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