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  2. Increment and decrement operators - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Increment_and_decrement...

    The post-increment and post-decrement operators increase (or decrease) the value of their operand by 1, but the value of the expression is the operand's value prior to the increment (or decrement) operation. In languages where increment/decrement is not an expression (e.g., Go), only one version is needed (in the case of Go, post operators only).

  3. Monotone convergence theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monotone_convergence_theorem

    The theorem states that if you have an infinite matrix of non-negative real numbers , such that the rows are weakly increasing and each is bounded , where the bounds are summable < then, for each column, the non decreasing column sums , are bounded hence convergent, and the limit of the column sums is equal to the sum of the "limit column ...

  4. Concave function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concave_function

    A differentiable function f is (strictly) concave on an interval if and only if its derivative function f ′ is (strictly) monotonically decreasing on that interval, that is, a concave function has a non-increasing (decreasing) slope. [3] [4] Points where concavity changes (between concave and convex) are inflection points. [5]

  5. Monotonic function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monotonic_function

    In calculus, a function defined on a subset of the real numbers with real values is called monotonic if it is either entirely non-decreasing, or entirely non-increasing. [2] That is, as per Fig. 1, a function that increases monotonically does not exclusively have to increase, it simply must not decrease.

  6. Discontinuities of monotone functions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discontinuities_of...

    For a monotone function , let mean that is monotonically non-decreasing and let mean that is monotonically non-increasing. Let f : [ a , b ] → R {\displaystyle f:[a,b]\to \mathbb {R} } is a monotone function and let D {\displaystyle D} denote the set of all points d ∈ [ a , b ] {\displaystyle d\in [a,b]} in the domain of f {\displaystyle f ...

  7. Sequence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequence

    If a sequence is either increasing or decreasing it is called a monotone sequence. This is a special case of the more general notion of a monotonic function. The terms nondecreasing and nonincreasing are often used in place of increasing and decreasing in order to avoid any possible confusion with strictly increasing and strictly decreasing ...

  8. Eight queens puzzle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight_queens_puzzle

    If the remainder is 2, swap 1 and 3 in odd list and move 5 to the end (3, 1, 7, 5). If the remainder is 3, move 2 to the end of even list and 1,3 to the end of odd list (4, 6, 8, 2 – 5, 7, 9, 1, 3). Append odd list to the even list and place queens in the rows given by these numbers, from left to right (a2, b4, c6, d8, e3, f1, g7, h5).

  9. Diminishing returns - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diminishing_returns

    Meaning, they can decrease without perceivable impact on output, after the manner of excessive fertiliser on a field. If input disposability is assumed, then increasing the principal input, while decreasing those excess inputs, could result in the same "diminished return", as if the principal input was changed certeris paribus. While considered ...