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Strengthening, especially of (1) the middle and lower back support muscles and scapula retractors, and (2) the longus colli and the deep neck flexor muscles. [35] Stretching muscles that cause neck protrusion, especially of the upper fibres of the trapezius muscle. [36] Lower cervical flexors: sternocleidomastoid, anterior and middle scalene ...
Extension usually results in straightening of the bones or body surfaces involved. For example, extension is produced by extending the flexed (bent) elbow. Straightening of the arm would require extension at the elbow joint. If the head is tilted all the way back, the neck is said to be extended.
The infrahyoid muscles, or strap muscles, are a group of four pairs of muscles in the anterior (frontal) part of the neck. [1] The four infrahyoid muscles are the sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid and omohyoid muscles. [1] Excluding the sternothyroid, the infrahyoid muscles either originate from or insert on to the hyoid bone. [2]
Acute calcific tendinitis of the longus colli muscle can occur. This presents with acute onset of neck pain, stiffness, dysphagia and odynophagia, and must be distinguished from retropharyngeal abscess and other sinister conditions. Imaging diagnosis is by CT or MRI, demonstrating calcification in the muscle in addition to retropharyngeal oedema.
Exercises that strengthen the back muscles include rows, pull-ups, and shoulder blade squeezes. Exercises like doorway stretches for the chest can help stretch out tension that contributes to rounded shoulders. Synergistically implementing muscle strengthening and stretching can effectively prevent the development of rounded shoulders. [47] [48]
The superficial muscles have their origin on the common flexor tendon. [2] The ulnar nerve and artery are also contained within this compartment. [2] The flexor digitorum superficialis lies in between the other four muscles of the superficial group and the three muscles of the deep group. This is why it is also classified as the intermediate ...
The splenius capitis (/ ˈ s p l iː n i ə s ˈ k æ p ɪ t ɪ s /) (from Greek splēníon 'bandage' and Latin caput 'head' [1] [2]) is a broad, straplike muscle in the back of the neck. It pulls on the base of the skull from the vertebrae in the neck and upper thorax. It is involved in movements such as shaking the head.
These four muscles have different actions, but in general assist in elevating the hyoid bone and widening the esophagus during swallowing.When the two bellies of the digastric contract, they pull upward on the hyoid bone; but if the hyoid is fixed from below, the digastric assists in extreme opening of the mouth such as yawning or taking a large bite of an apple. [1]