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Low levels of platelets in turn may lead to prolonged or excessive bleeding. It is the most common coagulation disorder among intensive care patients and is seen in a fifth of medical patients and a third of surgical patients. [3] A normal human platelet count ranges from 150,000 to 450,000 platelets/microliter (μL) of blood. [4]
Platelet satellitism. Platelet rosetting, or satelliting, around white blood cells can lead to undercounting by automated analyzers. [5] Clotted samples. Coagulation within the sample leads to undercounting, because the analyzer samples the liquid part of the blood, while some of the platelets remain in the tube, trapped in the clot.
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) initially presents with a range of symptoms that may include severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count usually < 30,000/mm³), microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (evidenced by schistocytes in the blood smear), and various clinical signs such as petechiae, purpura, neurologic symptoms, myocardial ischemia ...
Normal count is in the range of 150 × 10 9 to 450 × 10 9 platelets per liter of blood, [1] but investigation is typically only considered if the upper limit exceeds 750 × 10 9 /L. When the cause is unknown, the term thrombocythemia is used, as either primary thrombocythemia or essential thrombocythemia .
This results in platelet activation and the formation of platelet microparticles, which initiate the formation of blood clots; the platelet count falls as a result, leading to thrombocytopenia. [1] [7] In addition, the reticuloendothelial system (mostly the spleen) removes the antibody-coated platelets, further contributing to the thrombocytopenia.
Thrombocytopenia – a deficiency of platelets Pancytopenia – when all three types of blood cells; red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, are all deficient. This is a life-threatening disorder that is a characteristic of aplastic anemia .
Bleeding time may be affected by platelet function, certain vascular disorders and von Willebrand Disease—not by other coagulation factors such as haemophilia.Diseases that may cause prolonged bleeding time include thrombocytopenia, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), Bernard-Soulier disease, and Glanzmann's thrombasthenia.
Platelet storage pool deficiency is a family of clotting disorders characterized by deficient granules in platelets. Individuals with these disorders have too few or abnormally functioning alpha granules , delta granules , or both alpha and delta granules and are therefore unable to form effective clots, which leads to prolonged bleeding.