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African American women involved played roles in both leadership and supporting roles during the movement. Women including Rosa Parks, who led the Montgomery Bus Boycott, Diane Nash, the main organizer of the Nashville sit-ins, and Kathleen Cleaver, the first woman on the committee of the Black Panther Party.
As a third-party candidate in the election of 1968, Mitchell was the first Black woman to run for President of the United States. [1] [10] She represented the Communist Party USA (CPUSA) and her running mate was Michael "Mike" Zagarell, the National Youth Director of the party. [11]
Shirley Anita Chisholm (/ ˈ tʃ ɪ z ə m / CHIZ-əm; née St. Hill; November 30, 1924 – January 1, 2005) was an American politician who, in 1968, became the first Black woman to be elected to the United States Congress. [1]
Revolutionary Action Movement (RAM) was a Marxist–Leninist, [2] black nationalist [3] organisation which was active from 1962 to 1968. [4] They were the first group to apply the philosophy of Maoism to conditions of black people in the United States and informed the revolutionary politics of the Black Power movement.
Fannie Lou Hamer (/ ˈ h eɪ m ər /; née Townsend; October 6, 1917 – March 14, 1977) was an American voting and women's rights activist, community organizer, and a leader in the civil rights movement.
The Black Arts Movement (BAM) was an African-American-led art movement that was active during the 1960s and 1970s. [3] Through activism and art, BAM created new cultural institutions and conveyed a message of black pride. [4]
Black is beautiful is a cultural movement that was started in the United States in the 1960s by African Americans.It later spread beyond the United States, most prominently in the writings of the Black Consciousness Movement of Steve Biko in South Africa.
Peggy Ann Freeman (August 31, 1945 – May 17, 1979), known professionally as Donyale Luna, was an African-American model and actress who gained popularity in Western Europe during the late 1960s.