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Three possible sub-pathways for a double-strand break to repair via homologous recombination: Gene conversion, BIR and SDSA. The gene conversion is referring to the double-strand break repair model. The other sub-pathway is the synthesis-dependent strain annealing. SSA is the fourth sub-pathway and it is not shown in this diagram.
The main double-strand break repair pathways. Double-strand breaks, in which both strands in the double helix are severed, are particularly hazardous to the cell because they can lead to genome rearrangements. In fact, when a double-strand break is accompanied by a cross-linkage joining the two strands at the same point, neither strand can be ...
This displaced strand pops up to form a 3' overhang in the original double-stranded break duplex, which can then anneal to the opposite end of the original break through complementary base pairing. Thus DNA synthesis fills in gaps left over from annealing, and extends both ends of the still present single stranded DNA break, ligating all ...
Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is a pathway that repairs double-strand breaks in DNA. It is called "non-homologous" because the break ends are directly ligated without the need for a homologous template, in contrast to homology directed repair (HDR), which requires a homologous sequence to guide repair.
[18] [19] Particular pathways of both homologous recombination repair and non-homologous end-joining rely on ERCC1-XPF function. [20] [21] The relevant activity of ERCC1–XPF for both types of double-strand break repair is the ability to remove non-homologous 3′ single-stranded tails from DNA ends before rejoining. This activity is needed ...
[17] [18] Particular pathways of both homologous recombination repair and non-homologous end-joining rely on ERCC1-XPF function. [19] [20] The relevant activity of ERCC1–XPF for both types of double-strand break repair is the ability to remove non-homologous 3′ single-stranded tails from DNA ends before rejoining. This activity is needed ...
Double-strand break repair models that act via homologous recombination. Two primary models for how homologous recombination repairs double-strand breaks in DNA are the double-strand break repair (DSBR) pathway (sometimes called the double Holliday junction model) and the synthesis-dependent strand annealing (SDSA) pathway. [43]
The repair process begins with the degradation of the 5’ end on either side of the double-strand break to yield 3’ single-stranded DNA tails (a process called end resection). Next the Rad51 protein binds to these tails and initiates a process of strand invasion leading to recovery of genetic information from the undamaged homologous ...