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A sprinkler system timer is an electrical device that is used to set an irrigation sprinkler system to come on automatically at a certain time. Irrigation timers first appeared in the early 1960s to control large-radius lawn sprinklers, which at the time usually contained their own electrically operated valve (most golf-course sprinklers still use this type of actuation).
It is used in conjunction with irrigation sprinklers to form an automated or non-automated sprinkler system, capable of administering precise amounts of water, at a regular basis. A water flow timer using a ball valve contains an electric motor with gears to stop or start the water flow by turning a perforated ball within the water flow line.
Orbit Irrigation Products, Inc, located in Salt Lake City, UT, United States, is a manufacturer and supplier of irrigation products for residential and commercial markets and has been in business since 1986. It distributes over 2,000 products to 40 countries on five continents.
Most automatic irrigation valves are diaphragm valves in which the water above the diaphragm must be discharged for the valve to open. In a hydraulic system, the controller and valves are connected via small plastic tubes approximately 4 mm (¼ in) in diameter. The controller opens the tube connected to the valve, allowing that valve to open.
Historical milestones in the development of industrial process control began in ancient civilizations, where water level control devices were used to regulate water flow for irrigation and water clocks. During the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century, there was a growing need for precise control over boiler pressure in steam engines.
The timer may switch equipment on, off, or both, at a preset time or times, after a preset interval, or cyclically. A countdown time switch switches power, usually off, after a preset time. A cyclical timer switches equipment both on and off at preset times over a period, then repeats the cycle; the period is usually 24 hours or 7 days.