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Smoking cessation, usually called quitting smoking or stopping smoking, is the process of discontinuing tobacco smoking. [1] Tobacco smoke contains nicotine, which is addictive and can cause dependence. [2] [3] As a result, nicotine withdrawal often makes the process of quitting difficult.
In 2014 the UK's National Centre for Smoking Cessation and Training, which provides training and accreditation to NHS "stop smoking practitioners", [45] issued a new guideline downplaying concerns and stating that smoking cessation professionals should support e-cigarette users, though they remain unable to prescribe e-cigarettes. [46]
The National Health Service (NHS) in England has a smoking cessation service based on pharmacotherapy in combination with counseling support. An Action on Smoking and Health (UK) (ASH) report claims that the average cost per life-year gained for every smoker successfully treated by these services is less than £1,000 (below the NICE guidelines ...
[51] In the UK, a National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guideline did not recommend e-cigarettes over questions regarding safety, efficacy, and product quality. [52] Countries such as Brazil, Uruguay and India have banned e-cigarettes. [44] In the US, flavored e-cigarettes were banned in 2020 after increased adolescent use ...
In 1995, the World Health Assembly (WHA), in Resolution 48.11, requested that the director general "report to the 49th World Health Assembly on the feasibility of developing an international instrument, such as guidelines, a declaration or an international convention on tobacco control to be adopted by the United Nations". [12]
The health effects of tobacco had been debated by users, medical experts, and governments alike since its introduction to European culture. [1] Hard evidence for the ill effects of smoking became apparent with the results of several long-term studies conducted in the early to middle twentieth century, such as the epidemiology studies of Richard Doll and pathology studies of Oscar Auerbach.
NIDA also publishes non-technical reports of this research for benefit of the public, as well as publications that summarize what is known about nicotine addiction and tobacco cessation programs. Office of the Surgeon General: Publishes in print and on the web, a variety of materials related to smoking health issues and cessation of smoking. [7]
The earliest commercials mainly focused on aiding smoking cessation, the increased risk of lung cancer and the problems associated with passive smoking. However, they have become increasingly hard-hitting over the years, with some campaigns now centered around decreased physical attractiveness [ 86 ] and the risk of erectile dysfunction . [ 87 ]