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The chemical formula of the water molecule, H 2 O, indicates that it contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. A subscript is also used to distinguish between different versions of a subatomic particle. Thus electron, muon, and tau neutrinos are denoted ν e ν μ and ν τ. A particle may be distinguished by multiple subscripts, such as ...
Spaces within a formula must be directly managed (for example by including explicit hair or thin spaces). Variable names must be italicized explicitly, and superscripts and subscripts must use an explicit tag or template. Except for short formulas, the source of a formula typically has more markup overhead and can be difficult to read.
The intended use [2] when these characters were added to Unicode was to produce true superscripts and subscripts so that chemical and algebraic formulas could be written without markup. Thus "H₂O" (using a subscript 2 character) is supposed to be identical to "H 2 O" (with subscript markup).
Superscripts and Subscripts is a Unicode block containing superscript and subscript numerals, mathematical operators, and letters used in mathematics and phonetics. The use of subscripts and superscripts in Unicode allows any polynomial, chemical and certain other equations to be represented in plain text without using any form of markup like HTML or TeX.
The Unicode Standard encodes almost all standard characters used in mathematics. [1] Unicode Technical Report #25 provides comprehensive information about the character repertoire, their properties, and guidelines for implementation. [1]
Subscripts and superscripts should be wrapped in <sub> and <sup> HTML tags, respectively, with no other formatting info, with some exceptions (see below). The {} and {} templates are useful shortcuts to the HTML markup. Do not use the Unicode subscripts and superscripts ² and ³, or XML/HTML character entity references (² etc.).