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[1] Paschen's law is an equation that gives the breakdown voltage, that is, the voltage necessary to start a discharge or electric arc, between two electrodes in a gas as a function of pressure and gap length. [2] [3] It is named after Friedrich Paschen who discovered it empirically in 1889. [4]
The relationship between this breakdown voltage and the pd product—where p is the gas pressure and d is the distance between the electrodes—is referred to as Paschen's law. [1] [2] For a range of gas molecules, the breakdown voltage estimated by Paschen's law has a minimum value of around pd = 1-10 Torr cm. This suggests that in order to ...
On a much smaller scale, sparks can form in air during electrostatic discharges from charged objects that are charged to as little as 380 V (Paschen's law). Earth's atmosphere consists of 21% oxygen (O 2) and 78% nitrogen (N 2). During an electrostatic discharge, such as a lightning flash, the affected atmospheric molecules become electrically ...
Townsend's early experimental apparatus consisted of planar parallel plates forming two sides of a chamber filled with a gas.A direct-current high-voltage source was connected between the plates, the lower-voltage plate being the cathode and the upper-voltage the anode.
The reason for a prolonged period of time before the lamp restrikes is to due the elevated pressure, which leads to higher breakdown voltage of the gas inside (voltage needed to start an arc – Paschen's law), which is outside the capabilities of the ballast. Because of this, many mercury-vapor lamps have a secondary lamp to function as a ...
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Electrical breakdown in an electric discharge showing the ribbon-like plasma filaments from a Tesla coil.. In electronics, electrical breakdown or dielectric breakdown is a process that occurs when an electrically insulating material (a dielectric), subjected to a high enough voltage, suddenly becomes a conductor and current flows through it.
This was shortly after Paschen had discovered what is now called the Paschen series in the spectrum of hydrogen, and about 20 years after the discovery of what is now called Paschen's Law of electrical discharges. Randall said that he knew nothing about spectroscopy at the time and Paschen simply handed him a spectrometer and expected him to ...