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Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is a type of fluid replacement used to prevent and treat dehydration, especially due to diarrhea. [1] It involves drinking water with modest amounts of sugar and salts, specifically sodium and potassium. [1] Oral rehydration therapy can also be given by a nasogastric tube. [1]
A balanced salt solution (BSS) is a solution made to a physiological pH and isotonic salt concentration. Solutions most commonly include sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and chloride. [1] Balanced salt solutions are used for washing tissues and cells and are usually combined with other agents to treat the tissues and cells.
In standard medicine, the most frequent uses of enemas are to relieve constipation and for bowel cleansing before a medical examination or procedure; [5] also, they are employed as a lower gastrointestinal series (also called a barium enema), [6] to treat traveler's diarrhea, [7] as a vehicle for the administration of food, water or medicine ...
Fluid replacement or fluid resuscitation is the medical practice of replenishing bodily fluid lost through sweating, bleeding, fluid shifts or other pathologic processes. . Fluids can be replaced with oral rehydration therapy (drinking), intravenous therapy, rectally such as with a Murphy drip, or by hypodermoclysis, the direct injection of fluid into the subcutaneous tis
There are many different ways to prepare PBS solutions, common ones are Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS) [2] and the Cold Spring Harbor protocol. [3] Some formulations of DPBS do not contain potassium and magnesium, while other ones contain calcium and/or magnesium (depending on whether or not the buffer is used on live or fixed tissue: the latter does not require CaCl 2 or MgCl 2).
Ringer's solution is a solution of several salts dissolved in water for the purpose of creating an isotonic solution relative to the body fluids of an animal. Ringer's solution typically contains sodium chloride , potassium chloride , calcium chloride and sodium bicarbonate , with the last used to buffer the pH .
It often lasts for a few days and can result in dehydration due to fluid loss. [2] Signs of dehydration often begin with loss of the normal stretchiness of the skin and irritable behaviour. [2] This can progress to decreased urination, loss of skin color, a fast heart rate, and a decrease in responsiveness as it becomes more severe. [2]
Before such use other substances generally must be added to make the solution isotonic. [3] Isotonic solutions containing water for injection can be given by injection into a vein, muscle, or under the skin. [4] A non-sterile version may be used in manufacturing with sterilization occurring later in the production process. [5]