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Finnish (endonym: suomi ⓘ or suomen kieli [ˈsuo̯meŋ ˈkie̯li]) is a Finnic language of the Uralic language family, spoken by the majority of the population in Finland and by ethnic Finns outside of Finland. Finnish is one of the two official languages of Finland, alongside Swedish.
The Romani language in Finland is called Finnish Kalo. It has been spoken in Finland for roughly 450 years. It has been significantly influenced by other languages in Finland, such as Finnish. Of the around 13,000 Finnish Romani, only 30% speak and understand the language well. The number of speakers diminished drastically after WW2.
Kotus is located at Hakaniemenkatu 2 in Hakaniemi, Helsinki.. The Institute for the Languages of Finland, [a] better known as Kotus, is a governmental linguistic research institute of Finland geared to studies of Finnish, Swedish (cf. Finland Swedish), the Sami languages, Romani language, as well as Finnish Sign Language and Finland-Swedish Sign Language.
As of 2023, 558,294 people, or 10.0%, live in Finland with a first language other than Finnish, Swedish or Sámi. [1] More than 150 foreign languages are spoken in Finland. [30] However, most of them have only few speakers. Historically, Finland has been a bilingual country where only Finnish or Swedish was spoken.
[1] [2] In Finland, as of December 31, 2013, 89.3% of the population speak Finnish, 5.3% Swedish and 0.04% Sami languages. [3] Both Finnish and Swedish are official languages of Finland. [4] Officially, a municipality is bilingual if the minority language group consists of at least 8% of the population, or at least 3,000 speakers. [1]
'Finnish language struggle') was a major conflict in mid-19th century Finland. Both the Swedish and Finnish languages were commonly used in Finland at the time, associated with descendants of Swedish colonisation and leading to class tensions among the speakers of the different languages. It became acute in the mid-19th century.
Finland Swedish or Fenno-Swedish [1] (Swedish: finlandssvenska; Finnish: suomenruotsi) is a variety of the Swedish language and a closely related group of Swedish dialects spoken in Finland by the Swedish-speaking population, commonly also referred to as Finland Swedes, as their first language.
There are two sign languages: Finnish Sign Language, spoken natively by 4,000–5,000 people, [235] and Finland-Swedish Sign Language, spoken natively by about 150 people. Tatar is spoken by a Finnish Tatar minority of about 800 people whose ancestors moved to Finland mainly between the 1870s and 1920s.