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  2. Ion chromatography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_chromatography

    Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. [1] It works on almost any kind of charged molecule —including small inorganic anions, [ 2 ] large proteins , [ 3 ] small nucleotides , [ 4 ] and amino acids .

  3. Gibbs–Donnan effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibbs–Donnan_effect

    Donnan equilibrium across a cell membrane (schematic). The Gibbs–Donnan effect (also known as the Donnan's effect, Donnan law, Donnan equilibrium, or Gibbs–Donnan equilibrium) is a name for the behaviour of charged particles near a semi-permeable membrane that sometimes fail to distribute evenly across the two sides of the membrane. [1]

  4. Ion exchange - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_exchange

    Industrial and analytical ion-exchange chromatography is another area to be mentioned. Ion-exchange chromatography is a chromatographical method that is widely used for chemical analysis and separation of ions.

  5. Diethylaminoethyl cellulose - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diethylaminoethyl_cellulose

    Schematic structure of DEAE-C: positively charged diethylaminoethanol groups can bind negative ions. Diethylaminoethyl cellulose (DEAE-C) is a positively charged resin used in ion-exchange chromatography, a type of column chromatography, for the separation and purification of proteins and nucleic acids.

  6. Counterion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterion

    In chemistry, a counterion (sometimes written as "counter ion", pronounced as such) is the ion that accompanies an ionic species in order to maintain electric neutrality. In table salt (NaCl, also known as sodium chloride) the sodium ion (positively charged) is the counterion for the chloride ion (negatively charged) and vice versa.

  7. Anion-exchange chromatography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anion-exchange_chromatography

    In solution, the resin is coated with positively charged counter-ions . Anion exchange resins will bind to negatively charged molecules, displacing the counter-ion. Anion exchange chromatography is commonly used to purify proteins, amino acids, sugars/carbohydrates and other acidic substances [3] with a negative charge at higher pH levels. The ...

  8. Chemical ionization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_ionization

    Almost all neutral analytes can form positive ions through the reactions described above. In order to see a response by negative chemical ionization (NCI, also NICI), the analyte must be capable of producing a negative ion (stabilize a negative charge) for example by electron capture ionization. Because not all analytes can do this, using NCI ...

  9. Protein purification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_purification

    Ion exchange chromatography is a very powerful tool for use in protein purification and is frequently used in both analytical and preparative separations. It is especially useful when purifying nucleic-acid binding proteins, where separation of the protein from the bound nucleic acid is required to obtain a pure sample devoid of nucleic acids ...