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John Calvin (/ ˈ k æ l v ɪ n /; [1] Middle French: Jehan Cauvin; French: Jean Calvin [ʒɑ̃ kalvɛ̃]; 10 July 1509 – 27 May 1564) was a French theologian, pastor and reformer in Geneva during the Protestant Reformation.
Sixteenth-century portrait of John Calvin by an unknown artist. From the collection of the Bibliothèque de Genève (Library of Geneva). John Calvin is the most well-known Reformed theologian of the generation following Zwingli's death, but recent scholarship has argued that several previously overlooked individuals had at least as much influence on the development of Reformed Christianity and ...
Calvin's Defensio sanae et orthodoxae doctrinae de sacramentis (A Defense of the Sober and Orthodox Doctrine of the Sacrament) was his response in 1555. [36] In 1556 Justus Velsius, a Dutch dissident, held a public disputation with Calvin during his visit to Frankfurt, in which Velsius defended free will against Calvin's doctrine of predestination.
Statues of William Farel, John Calvin, Theodore Beza, and John Knox, influential theologians in developing the Reformed faith, at the Reformation Wall in Geneva. Reformed Christianity, [1] also called Calvinism, [a] is a major branch of Protestantism that began during the 16th-century Protestant Reformation.
According to tradition, Arminius' study of the Scriptures led him to conclude that the Bible did not support Calvinism. [16] Other scholars believe that Arminius never accepted Beza's views, even while a student at Geneva. [17] Arminius avoided adding to the controversy apart from two incidents regarding sermons on Romans 7 and Romans 9.
Reformed orthodoxy or Calvinist orthodoxy was an era in the history of Calvinism in the 16th to 18th centuries. Calvinist orthodoxy was paralleled by similar eras in Lutheranism and tridentine Roman Catholicism after the Counter-Reformation .
Twentieth-century Reformed theologian B. B. Warfield said, "The system of doctrine taught by Calvin is just the Augustinianism common to the whole body of the Reformers." [115] Reformed theologian, Paul Helm, used the term "Augustinian Calvinism" for his view in the article "The Augustinian-Calvinist View" in Divine Foreknowledge: Four Views. [116]
"Article from an Orthodox standpoint claiming Lucaris was not a Calvinist", The Myth of the Calvinist Patriarch, orthodoxinfo.com; Lucaris, Confession of Faith, Cri voice; Michaelides, George P. (1943). "The Greek Orthodox Position on the Confession of Cyril Lucaris". Church History. 12 (2). JSTOR: 118– 129. doi:10.2307/3159981. JSTOR 3159981.