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A transient ischemic attack (TIA), commonly known as a mini-stroke, is a temporary (transient) stroke with noticeable symptoms that end within 24 hours. A TIA causes the same symptoms associated with a stroke, such as weakness or numbness on one side of the body, sudden dimming or loss of vision, difficulty speaking or understanding language or slurred speech.
If symptoms last less than 24 hours, the stroke is a transient ischemic attack (TIA), also called a mini-stroke. [3] Hemorrhagic stroke may also be associated with a severe headache. [3] The symptoms of stroke can be permanent. [5] Long-term complications may include pneumonia and loss of bladder control. [3]
Cerebral infarction, also known as an ischemic stroke, is the pathologic process that results in an area of necrotic tissue in the brain (cerebral infarct). [1] In mid to high income countries, a stroke is the main reason for disability among people and the 2nd cause of death. [2]
The diagnosis of posterior circulation stroke or TIA can be made on the basis of history and physical examination, which should include exclusion of alternative causes for the patient's symptoms and consideration of risk factors for atherosclerosis. To confirm VBI, imaging studies of the posterior circulation can be performed.
The American Heart Association and American Stroke Association (AHA/ASA) refined the definition of transient ischemic attack. TIA is now defined as a transient episode of neurologic dysfunction caused by focal brain, spinal cord, or retinal ischemia, without acute infarction. The symptoms of a TIA can resolve within a few minutes, unlike a stroke.
For example, a person aged 60 (1 point) with normal blood pressure (0 point) and without diabetes (0 point) who experienced a TIA lasting 10 minutes (1 point) with a speech disturbance but no weakness on one side of the body (1 point) would score a total of 3 points.
Lacunar stroke or lacunar cerebral infarct (LACI) is the most common type of ischemic stroke, resulting from the occlusion of small penetrating arteries that provide blood to the brain's deep structures.
A sudden, brief episode (symptoms lasting only minutes) of ischemia affecting the brain is called a transient ischemic attack (TIA), often called a mini-stroke. [17] TIAs can be a warning of future strokes, with approximately 1/3 of TIA patients having a serious stroke within one year. [17] [18]