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Mancala (Arabic: منقلة manqalah) is a family of two-player turn-based strategy board games played with small stones, beans, or seeds and rows of holes or pits in the earth, a board or other playing surface. The objective is usually to capture all or some set of the opponent's pieces.
Mancala games are played with "seeds" or "counters", which are usually made from small cowrie shells, pebbles, or tamarind seeds. The holes in Southeast Asian mancalas are typically deeper and larger than variants in mainland Asia and Africa, since the seeds used are larger. [1] A total of 98 pieces are used in the seven-hole board version. [7]
If a player ends up his or her turn with no stone in his or her row, the other player has to choose a move whereby some stone will replenish the opponent's row. The game ends when one of the players cannot move anymore. The opponents captures all the seeds on the board. The player who captured most seeds wins the game.
Mangala is a traditional Turkish mancala game. [2] It is strictly related to the mancala games Iraqi Halusa, Palestinian Al-manqala, and Baltic German Bohnenspiel. There is also another game referred as Mangala played by the Bedouin in Egypt, and Sudan, but it has quite different rules. [citation needed]
For the counters in the game, seeds, shells, small stones are all common for use. [7] As the game proceeds, each player distributes the shells over all the pits. The players may capture the shells, as permitted by the rules of the game. The rules of capture depend on the variant of the game played.
The game provides a Kalah board and a number of seeds or counters. The board has 6 small pits, called houses, on each side; and a big pit, called an end zone or store, at each end. The object of the game is to capture more seeds than one's opponent. At the beginning of the game, four seeds are placed in each house. This is the traditional method.
Oware is an abstract strategy game among the mancala family of board games (pit and pebble games) played worldwide with slight variations as to the layout of the game, number of players and strategy of play. [1] Its origin is uncertain [2] but it is widely believed to be of Ashanti origin. [3]
The game ends when all the pieces are captured. If both Mandarin pieces are captured, the remaining citizen pieces belong to the player controlling the side that these pieces are on. There is a Vietnamese saying to express this situation: "hết quan, tàn dân, thu quân, bán ruộng" (literally: "Mandarin is gone, citizen dismisses, take back the army, selling the rice field") or "hết ...