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Bullying is the use of force, threat, or coercion to abuse, intimidate, or aggressively dominate others. It is often repeated and habitual. It is often repeated and habitual. One essential prerequisite is the perception, by the bully or by others, of an imbalance of social or physical power .
Dan Olweus (April 18, 1931 – September 20, 2020) was a Swedish-Norwegian [1] psychologist. He was a research professor of psychology at the University of Bergen , Norway. Olweus has been widely recognized as a pioneer of research on bullying .
Verbal aggression can be defined as a characteristic or trait that drives a person to attack the self-values and concepts of others in addition to, or instead of, their own values and concepts. Bullying – "The use of physical, psychological and verbal aggression to intimidate others to submit to the will of another and/or cause emotional ...
Bullying can occur in nearly any part in or around the school building, although it may occur more frequently during physical education classes and activities such as recess. Bullying also takes place in school hallways, bathrooms, on school buses and while waiting for buses, and in classes that require group work and/or after school activities.
Psychological abuse, often known as emotional abuse or mental abuse or psychological violence or non-physical abuse, is a form of abuse characterized by a person subjecting or exposing another person to a behavior that may result in psychological trauma, including anxiety, chronic depression, clinical depression or post-traumatic stress disorder amongst other psychological problems.
In investigating teacher bullying, it is important to differentiate a teacher or coach who is demanding versus one who is demeaning. So "yelling" for instance can be highly productive and motivating, but if it involves belittling and is laced with putdowns, personal attacks, and insults, it becomes abusive. [20]
[2] [3] [4] Bullying can be verbal or physical. [2] [3] Bullying, with its ongoing character, is distinct from one-off types of peer conflict. [5] Different types of school bullying include ongoing physical, emotional, and/or verbal aggression. Cyberbullying and sexual bullying are also types of bullying. Bullying even exists in higher education.
Relational aggression, alternative aggression, or relational bullying is a type of aggression in which harm is caused by damaging someone's relationships or social status. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Although it can be used in many contexts and among different age groups , relational aggression among adolescents in particular, has received a lot of attention.