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where is the applied stress intensity factor. Crack bridging can occur by two mechanisms of different length scales. Crack Bridging by Collagen Fibers; Crack bridging by Type I collagen fibers otherwise known as collagen-fibril bridging is on a smaller length-scale than untracked ligament bridging. The structure of collagen is in itself ...
Theoretically, the stress ahead of a sharp crack tip becomes infinite and cannot be used to describe the state around a crack. Fracture mechanics is used to characterise the loads on a crack, typically using a single parameter to describe the complete loading state at the crack tip. A number of different parameters have been developed.
Stress fractures most frequently occur in weight-bearing bones of the lower extremities, such as the tibia and fibula (bones of the lower leg), calcaneus (heel bone), metatarsal and navicular bones (bones of the foot). Less common are stress fractures to the femur, pelvis, sacrum, lumbar spine (lower back), hips, hands, and writs. Stress ...
The fracture of a solid usually occurs due to the development of certain displacement discontinuity surfaces within the solid. If a displacement develops perpendicular to the surface, it is called a normal tensile crack or simply a crack; if a displacement develops tangentially, it is called a shear crack, slip band, or dislocation. [1]
It occurs when liquids or gasses are absorbed into the polymer, ultimately swelling the system. The polymer swelling results in less shear flow and an increase in crazing susceptibility. Solvent stress cracking from organic solvents typically results in static fatigue because of the low mobility of fluids. Solvent stress cracking from gasses is ...
“Cavitation occurs when there’s an external force on the joint fluid, causing small bubbles to form within the fluid and pop,” he says. The popping or cracking sound you hear is apparently ...
Slow self-sustaining crack propagation known as stress corrosion cracking, can occur in a corrosive environment above the threshold and below . Small increments of crack extension can also occur during fatigue crack growth, which after repeated loading cycles, can gradually grow a crack until final failure occurs by exceeding the fracture ...
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