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Vacutainer tubes may contain additives designed to stabilize and preserve the specimen prior to analytical testing. Tubes are available with a safety-engineered stopper, with a variety of labeling options and draw volumes. The color of the top indicates the additives in the vial. [1] Vacutainer tubes were invented by Joseph Kleiner in 1949. [2]
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), also called EDTA acid, is an aminopolycarboxylic acid with the formula [CH 2 N(CH 2 CO 2 H) 2] 2. This white, slightly water-soluble solid is widely used to bind to iron (Fe 2+ /Fe 3+) and calcium ions (Ca 2+), forming water-soluble complexes even at neutral pH. It is thus used to dissolve Fe- and Ca ...
As the first cylinder reaches near pure oxygen (there are small amounts of argon, CO 2, water vapour, radon, and other minor atmospheric components) in the first half-cycle, a valve opens and the oxygen-enriched gas flows to the pressure-equalizing reservoir, which connects to the patient's oxygen hose. At the end of the first half of the cycle ...
Medical use liquid oxygen airgas tanks are typically 2.4 MPa (350 psi). [citation needed] All equipment coming into contact with high pressure oxygen must be "oxygen clean" and "oxygen compatible", to reduce the risk of fire. [3] [4] "Oxygen clean" means the removal of any substance that could act as a source of ignition. "Oxygen compatible ...
An oxygen tank is especially dangerous because the gas is stored at a pressure of 21 MPa (3,000 psi; 210 atm)) when full. If the tank falls over and damages the valve, the tank can be jettisoned by the compressed oxygen escaping the cylinder at high speed. Tanks in this state are capable of breaking through a brick wall. [19]
These tubes are commonly sealed with a rubber stopper and often have a specific additive placed in the tube with the stopper color indicating the additive. For example, a blue-top tube is a 5 ml test tube containing sodium citrate as an anticoagulant, used to collect blood for coagulation and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase testing. [5]
An Orsat gas analyser or Orsat apparatus is a piece of laboratory equipment used to analyse a gas sample (typically fossil fuel flue gas) for its oxygen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide content. Although largely replaced by instrumental techniques, the Orsat remains a reliable method of measurement and is relatively simple to use. [1]
A breathing gas is a mixture of gaseous chemical elements and compounds used for respiration. Air is the most common and only natural breathing gas. Other mixtures of gases, or pure oxygen, are also used in breathing equipment and enclosed habitats such as scuba equipment, surface supplied diving equipment, recompression chambers, high-altitude mountaineering, high-flying aircraft, submarines ...