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A rotational slump occurs when a slump block, composed of sediment or rock, slides along a concave-upward slip surface with rotation about an axis parallel to the slope. [3] Rotational movement causes the original surface of the block to become less steep, and the top of the slump is rotated backward.
Tilted block faulting, also called rotational block faulting, is a mode of structural evolution in extensional tectonic events, a result of tectonic plates stretching apart. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] When the upper lithospheric crust experiences extensional pressures, the brittle crust fractures, creating detachment faults . [ 3 ]
The 1811–12 New Madrid earthquakes were caused by earthquakes on the Mississippi River, and represent bank failure caused by tectonic activity in the New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ). [9] The NMSZ is the result of a failed rift system which remains weak today, and thus is prone to faulting and earthquake activity. [ 9 ]
Mass wasting, also known as mass movement, [1] is a general term for the movement of rock or soil down slopes under the force of gravity. It differs from other processes of erosion in that the debris transported by mass wasting is not entrained in a moving medium, such as water, wind, or ice.
If you can date the age of the terrace tread, one can get an estimate of the age of abandonment of that surface, and the age of incision. A simple calculation of h 1 /t 1 can give the average rate of incision(r i), where h i = height of river terrace from river and t i = age of surface. [3]
If the value of factor of safety is less than 1.0, the slope is unstable. All limit equilibrium methods assume that the shear strengths of the materials along the potential failure surface are governed by linear ( Mohr-Coulomb ) or non-linear relationships between shear strength and the normal stress on the failure surface. [ 13 ]
It can also be significant in coastal areas when sea level falls after a storm tide, or when the water level of a reservoir or even a natural lake rapidly falls. The most famous example of this is the Vajont failure, when a rapid decline in lake level contributed to the occurrence of a landslide that killed over 2000 people. Numerous huge ...
Rotational components of strong ground motions refer to variations of the natural slope of the ground surface due to the propagation of seismic waves. [1] Earthquakes induce three translational (two horizontal and one vertical) and three rotational (two rocking and one torsional ) motions on the ground surface.