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Boolean Logic: 1 (True) if both A and B = 1, 0 (False) otherwise U+2227 ∧ LOGICAL AND: Nor: A⍱B: Boolean Logic: 1 if both A and B are 0, otherwise 0. Alt: ~∨ = not Or U+2371 ⍱ APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DOWN CARET TILDE: Nand: A⍲B: Boolean Logic: 0 if both A and B are 1, otherwise 1. Alt: ~∧ = not And
A law of Boolean algebra is an identity such as x ∨ (y ∨ z) = (x ∨ y) ∨ z between two Boolean terms, where a Boolean term is defined as an expression built up from variables and the constants 0 and 1 using the operations ∧, ∨, and ¬. The concept can be extended to terms involving other Boolean operations such as ⊕, →, and ≡ ...
On the other hand, in the expressions evaluated by #expr and #ifexpr, Boolean operators like and, or, and not interpret the numerical value 0 as false and any other number as true. In terms of output, Boolean operations return 1 for a true value and 0 for false (and these are treated as ordinary numbers by the numerical operators).
For b=0, one still gets γ=2, for b=0.5 one gets γ=1, for b=1 one gets γ=0.5, but it is not a linear interpolation between these 3 images. The formula specified by recent W3C drafts [ 3 ] for SVG and Canvas is mathematically equivalent to the Photoshop formula with a small variation where b≥0.5 and a≤0.25:
It is also not associative, meaning that when one subtracts more than two numbers, the order in which subtraction is performed matters. Because 0 is the additive identity, subtraction of it does not change a number. Subtraction also obeys predictable rules concerning related operations, such as addition and multiplication.
In realizability truth values are sets of programs, which can be understood as computational evidence of validity of a formula. For example, the truth value of the statement "for every number there is a prime larger than it" is the set of all programs that take as input a number , and output a prime larger than .
Redundant, but sometimes used for emphasizing that a number is positive, specially when other numbers in the context are or may be negative; for example, +2. 3. Sometimes used instead of for a disjoint union of sets. − 1. Denotes subtraction and is read as minus; for example, 3 – 2. 2.
What appears to the modern reader as the representing function's logical inversion, i.e. the representing function is 0 when the function R is "true" or satisfied", plays a useful role in Kleene's definition of the logical functions OR, AND, and IMPLY, [2]: 228 the bounded-[2]: 228 and unbounded-[2]: 279 ff mu operators and the CASE function.