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Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound with the formula H 2 O 2.In its pure form, it is a very pale blue [5] liquid that is slightly more viscous than water.It is used as an oxidizer, bleaching agent, and antiseptic, usually as a dilute solution (3%–6% by weight) in water for consumer use and in higher concentrations for industrial use.
In thermochemistry, the heat of dilution, or enthalpy of dilution, refers to the enthalpy change associated with the dilution process of a component in a solution at a constant pressure. If the initial state of the component is a pure liquid (presuming the solution is liquid), the dilution process is equal to its dissolution process and the ...
Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) can be used as HOCl scavenger whose byproducts do not interfere in the Pinnick oxidation reaction: HOCl + H 2 O 2 → HCl + O 2 + H 2 O. In a weakly acidic condition, fairly concentrated (35%) H 2 O 2 solution undergoes a rapid oxidative reaction with no competitive reduction reaction of HClO 2 to form HOCl. HClO 2 ...
In the presence of a strong acid catalyst, such as sulfuric acid, acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide produce peracetic acid: [3] H 2 O 2 + CH 3 CO 2 H ⇌ CH 3 CO 3 H + H 2 O. However, in concentrations (3-6%) of vinegar and hydrogen peroxide marketed for household use, mixing without a strong acid catalyst will not form peracetic acid.
Hydrogen peroxide works best as a propellant in extremely high concentrations (roughly over 70%). Although any concentration of peroxide will generate some hot gas (oxygen plus some steam), at concentrations above approximately 67%, the heat of decomposing hydrogen peroxide becomes large enough to completely vaporize all the liquid at standard pressure.
Aqua regia first appeared in the De inventione veritatis ("On the Discovery of Truth") by pseudo-Geber (after c. 1300), who produced it by adding sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride) to nitric acid. [6] [d] The preparation of aqua regia by directly mixing hydrochloric acid with nitric acid only became possible after the discovery in the late ...
VHP is produced from a solution of liquid H 2 O 2 and water, by generators specifically designed for the purpose. These generators initially dehumidify the ambient air, then produce VHP by passing aqueous hydrogen peroxide over a vaporizer, and circulate the vapor at a programmed concentration in the air, typically from 140 ppm to 1400 ppm, depending on the infectious agent to be cleared. [6]
For example, 10% oleum can also be expressed as H 2 SO 4 ·0.13611SO 3, 1.13611SO 3 ·H 2 O or 102.25% sulfuric acid. The conversion between % acid and % oleum is: % = + % For x = 1 and y = 2 the empirical formula H 2 S 2 O 7 for disulfuric (pyrosulfuric) acid is obtained. Pure disulfuric acid is a solid at room temperature, melting at 36 °C ...