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the middle three characters, r-x, define permissions for the Group class (i.e. the group owning the file) the rightmost three characters, ---, define permissions for the Others class. In this example, users who are not the owner of the file and who are not members of the Group (and, thus, are in the Others class) have no permission to access ...
In the second method, a secret key is also stored in the .Xauthority file. The client creates a string by concatenating the current time, a transport-dependent identifier, and the cookie, encrypts the resulting string, and sends it to the server. The xauth application is a utility for accessing the .Xauthority file.
In cryptography, CRAM-MD5 is a challenge–response authentication mechanism (CRAM) based on the HMAC-MD5 algorithm. As one of the mechanisms supported by the Simple Authentication and Security Layer (SASL), it is often used in email software as part of SMTP Authentication and for the authentication of POP and IMAP users, as well as in applications implementing LDAP, XMPP, BEEP, and other ...
As the name suggests, CCM mode combines counter (CTR) mode for confidentiality with cipher block chaining message authentication code (CBC-MAC) for authentication. These two primitives are applied in an "authenticate-then-encrypt" manner: CBC-MAC is first computed on the message to obtain a message authentication code (MAC), then the message and the MAC are encrypted using counter mode.
Authenticated Key Exchange (AKE), Authenticated Key Agreement (AKA) or Authentication and Key Establishment (AKE) is the exchange or creation of a session key in a key exchange protocol which also authenticates the identities of parties involved in key exchange. [1] AKE typically occurs at the beginning of a communication session. [2]
Key /Config-authentication is used to solve the problem of authenticating the keys of a person (say "person A") that some other person ("person B") is talking to or trying to talk to. In other words, it is the process of assuring that the key of "person A", held by "person B", does in fact belong to "person A" and vice versa.
Alice sends a message encrypted with Bob's public key to Bob to show that Alice is a valid user. Bob verifies the message: Bob checks the format and timestamp. If either is incorrect or invalid, the session is aborted. The message is then decrypted with Bob's secret key, giving Alice's ID. Bob checks if the message matches a valid user.
But she couldn't impersonate Alice even for a single login session, as Alice included into her hash the encryption key of Mallory, resulting in a login-fail from Bob. To make a fully transparent attack, Mallory would need to know the password used by Alice, or the secret encryption key of Bob.